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1 methods-time measurement
Gen Mgta system of standard times for movements made by people in the performance of work tasks. Methods-time measurement was developed in the 1940s and is the most widely used of predetermined motion-time systems of work measurement designed to increase efficiency and consistency in work operations. Work operations are broken down into a set of basic motions such as reach, grasp, position, and release and standard times for each motion are calculated by analyzing films of industrial operations. Simplified versions of the system called MTM2 and MTM3, approved in 1965 and 1970 respectively, use combinations of the basic motions, such as get and put.Abbr. MTM -
2 standard time
Gen Mgt [m1]1. the length of time taken by a worker to complete a particular motion, such as reaching or grasping2. the total time required to complete a specific task for an employee working at the expected rate. The standard time for any particular task is derived through work measurement and time study techniques, and takes into account relaxation allowances, which allow employees time to recover from the psychological or physiological effects of performing a task, and contingency allowances, which recognize that there may be legitimate causes of delay before a task can be completed. Predetermined motion-time systems may be used to help determine a standard time. -
3 just-in-time
Fina system whose objective is to produce or to procure products or components as they are required by a customer or for use, rather than for stock. A just-intime system is a pull system, which responds to demand, in contrast to a push system, in which stocks act as buffers between the different elements of the system, such as purchasing, production, and sales.Abbr. JIT -
4 Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA)
Abbreviation: PIУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA)
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5 tale
such atali pl suchtale e quale just likeun tale someoneil signor tal dei tali Mr So-and-so* * *tale pron.dimostr. (questa, quella persona) he, she; the (o that) fellow, the (o that) person, the (o that) woman*, the one: è lui il tale che cercavi, that's (o he's) the fellow you were looking for; non mi parlare di quel tale, don't talk to me about that fellow; quella tale che ha telefonato sono io, I'm the one (o the person) that phoned // il tal dei tali, so-and-so (o what's-his-name); la tal dei tali, so-and-so (o what's-her-name)◆ pron.indef.1 (preceduto da art. indet.) someone: un tale mi disse che..., someone told me that...; c'è una tale che vuole parlarti, someone wishes to speak to you; ho appuntamento con un tale di Genova, I have an appointment with someone from Genoa // un tale che conosco, someone I know2 ( preceduto da quel, quella) the man*; the woman*: c'è quel tale dell'assicurazione, the insurance man is here; ha ritelefonato quella tale di ieri, the woman who phoned yesterday has called again.tale agg.1 ( simile, siffatto) such (a); like that (pred.): un tale fatto non era mai accaduto, nothing like that had ever happened (o such a thing had never happened); tali fatti accadono ogni giorno, such things (o things like that) happen every day; non avevo previsto una tale reazione da parte sua, I hadn't expected such a reaction on his part; come ci si può fidare di gente di tal genere?, how can you trust people like that (o such people)? // tale che, da, such as: la situazione non è tale da destare preoccupazione, the situation isn't such as to cause concern // la sua vista, un tempo ottima, non è più tale, his sight used to be excellent, but it no longer is2 ( con valore intensivo) such; so: c'era una tale confusione!, there was such chaos!; ho preso un tale spavento!, I got such a fright!; è ridotto in un tale stato!, he's in such a way!; è di una tal cocciutaggine!, he's so stubborn!; fu un tal peccato!, it was such a pity!; la violenza dello scoppio fu tale da mandare in frantumi tutti i vetri della casa, the force of the blast was so strong as to shatter all the windows in the house; ha subito un tale colpo che non riesce più a riprendersi, he suffered such a shock that he can't get over it3 (per esprimere somiglianza, identità, spesso in corr. con quale) like: tale il padre, tale il figlio, like father, like son // tale (e) quale → quale◆ agg.indef.1 (al sing. preceduto dall'art. indet.) a: un tale Signor Rossi, a Mr Rossi; tali fratelli Bianchi, a (firm called) Bianchi brothers2 (preceduto dall'art. det., per indicare qlco. o qlcu. in modo indeterminato) such-and-such: il tal giorno, alla tal ora, such-and-such a day, an hour; voleva sapere chi era la tal persona, he wanted to know who such-and-such was // ricordi quel tale amico di cui ti avevo parlato?, do you remember that friend of mine I told you about?◆ agg.dimostr. ( questo, quello) this, that; (pl.) these, those; ( sopracitato) above-mentioned, aforesaid; above: in tali circostanze, in (o under) those circumstances; in tal caso, in that case; dette tali parole, se ne andò, with these words he left; tale sconto è valido solo per comitive, the above (o above-mentioned o aforesaid) reduction is only valid for groups; tali provvedimenti hanno suscitato parecchie polemiche, these measures have caused a lot of controversy; il termine ultimo è il 31 maggio; se entro tale data non sarà stato effettuato il pagamento..., the deadline is May 31; if payment is not made by that date...* * *['tale]1. agg dimostr1) (simile, così grande) such (a)tale articolo è in vendita presso tutte le nostre filiali — the above-mentioned article is on sale at all our branches
e con tali scuse è riuscito ad evitare la punizione — and with excuses like those he managed to escape punishment
cosa ti fa credere che nutra tali sentimenti? — what makes you think he feels like that?
2)tale... tale... — like... like...tale padre tale figlio — like father like son
il tuo vestito è tale quale il mio — your dress is just o exactly like mine
hanno riportato una vittoria tale, quale non avevano sperato — they won an even greater victory than they had expected
2. agg indef1)ti cercava una tale Giovanna — somebody called Giovanna was looking for you
ha detto che vedeva un amico, un tal Rossi — he said he was meeting a friend, a certain Rossi
2) (persona o cosa indeterminata) such-and-such3. pron indef1)tale — (una certa persona) someone, (quella persona già menzionata) the one, the person, that person, that man (woman)è fidanzata con un tale dell'ufficio contabilità — she's engaged to someone in accounts
hai più visto quel tale di cui mi dicevi? — did you ever see that person o man you were telling me about again?
ha telefonato di nuovo quella tale — that woman phoned again
2)diciamo che l'ho saputo dal tal dei tali — let's just say I had o heard it from you know who
* * *['tale] 1.1) (simile)- i persone — such people o people like that
3) (questo)a tale scopo — for this purpose, to this end
a tale proposito vorrei dire... — in this regards I would like to say...
ho letto qualcosa a tale proposito sul "Times" — I read about it on the "Times"
4) (uguale, così)5) come tale, in quanto tale as such6) tale che..., tale dac'era un tale caldo o un caldo tale che non si riusciva a dormire it was so hot we couldn't sleep; a tal punto che — so much that
2.essere tale e quale a qcn. — to be the spitting o very image of sb
aggettivo indefinito1)un tale signor Mori, un tale Gino — a (certain) Mr Mori, a (certain) Gino
2)3.4.lui è il tale che cerchi — he's the person o man o one you're looking for
1)ho conosciuto un tale di Roma — I met a guy o man from Rome
ho incontrato un tale che dice di conoscerti — I met someone o a person who says he knows you
2)••il signor Tal dei Tali — Mr Somebody(-or-other), Mr So-and-so
tale (il) padre, tale (il) figlio — like father like son
* * *tale/'tale/1 (simile) - i persone such people o people like that; non lo credevo capace di una tale azione I didn't think he could do such a thing; in -i circostanze in such circumstances2 (in frasi esclamative) c'è una tale confusione! there's such a mess! è un tale idiota! he's such an idiot! fa un tale freddo! it's so cold!3 (questo) in tal caso in that case; a tale scopo for this purpose, to this end; a tale proposito vorrei dire... in this regards I would like to say...; ho letto qualcosa a tale proposito sul "Times" I read about it on the "Times"4 (uguale, così) la questione è irrisolta e tale rimarrà the question is unsettled and will remain so5 come tale, in quanto tale as such6 tale che..., tale da... c'era un tale caldo o un caldo tale che non si riusciva a dormire it was so hot we couldn't sleep; a tal punto che so much that7 (in correlazione con quale) l'ho trovato tale e quale I found him exactly the same; ho un vestito tale (e) quale a questo I have a dress just like this one; essere tale e quale a qcn. to be the spitting o very image of sb.1 un tale signor Mori, un tale Gino a (certain) Mr Mori, a (certain) Gino2 quel tale amico di cui ti ho parlato that friend I told you about; ci incontreremo il tal giorno alla tal ora we'll meet that day that time1 ho conosciuto un tale di Roma I met a guy o man from Rome; ho incontrato un tale che dice di conoscerti I met someone o a person who says he knows you2 c'è quel tale dell'assicurazione there's that man from the insurance companyil signor Tal dei Tali Mr Somebody(-or-other), Mr So-and-so; tale (il) padre, tale (il) figlio like father like son. -
6 dann
Adv.1. (danach, später) then, after that, afterwards; was geschah dann? what happened then ( oder next)?; zuerst wollte ich nicht mit, aber dann war es doch sehr schön but then it turned out alright; anfangs war es noch schwer, aber dann ging es auf einmal but then it got easier all of a sudden2. (zu der Zeit) then; dann und dann umg. at such and such a time, round about then; dann und wann now and then; bis dann until then; als Abschied: see you (then); erst dann only then; von dann bis dann umg. from then till then, from such and such a date ( oder time) until such and such a date ( oder time)3. Reihenfolge: (dahinter) then, after(wards); zuerst kommt die Dampflok, dann die Güterwaggons the engine comes first, followed by the goods wagons (Am. freight cars)4. (in dem Fall) in that case, then; dann eben nicht! umg. all right, forget it!; wenn du mich brauchst, dann sag mir Bescheid if you need me, just let me know; ich mache nur dann mit, wenn... I’ll only join in if ( oder on the condition that)...; dann und nur dann then and only then; selbst dann, wenn... even if...; also oder na dann! umg. (wenn das so ist) well in that case; um Gespräch zu beenden: right then, okeydoke5. umg. (also) so; dann kommst du also? so you ‘are coming (then)? dann stimmt das ( also oder etwa) gar nicht? so that isn’t true then?6. in Fragen: (sonst) wer / wo / wie etc. dann? who / where / how etc. else then?; wenn er es nicht weiß, wer dann? if he doesn’t know, who does?* * *then; next* * *dạnn [dan]adv1) (Reihenfolge ausdrückend = später) thengerade dann, wenn... — just when...
wenn das gemacht ist, dann kannst du gehen — when that's done you can go
noch eine Woche, dann ist Weihnachten — another week till Christmas, another week and (then) it's Christmas
See:→ bis2) (= unter diesen Umständen) thenwenn..., dann — if..., (then)
wenn du was brauchst, dann sagst dus mir, nicht? — just tell me if you need anything, if you need anything (then) just tell me
ja, selbst dann — yes, even then
nein, selbst dann nicht — no, not even then
selbst dann/selbst dann nicht, wenn... — even/not even if...
erst dann, wenn... — only when...
ja, dann! — (oh) well then!
und wie es dann so geht or ist, kommt natürlich Besuch — and as was bound to happen, I got visitors, but you know how it is, I got visitors
wenn er seine Gedichte selbst nicht versteht, wer dann? — if he can't understand his own poems, who else could (understand them)?
wenn man nicht einmal in Schottland echten Whisky bekommt, wo dann? — if you can't get real whisky in Scotland, where can you expect to find it?
wenn ich nicht einmal das Einmaleins bei euch voraussetzen kann, was dann? — if I can't even assume you know your (multiplication) tables, what can I assume you know?
dann eben nicht — well, in that case (there's no more to be said)
dann erst recht nicht! — in that case no way (inf) or not a chance! (inf)
dann ist ja alles in Ordnung — (oh well,) everything's all right then, in that case everything's all right
dann will ich lieber gehen — well, I'd better be getting along (then)
ja dann, auf Wiedersehen — well then, goodbye
also dann bis morgen — right then, see you tomorrow, see you tomorrow then
3)strohdumm und dann auch noch frech — as thick as they come and cheeky into the bargain (Brit), as dumb as they come and a smart alec too (esp US)
kommandiert mich herum und meint dann auch noch... — orders me around and then on top of that thinks...
* * *1) then2) (used with prepositions to mean that time in the past or future: John should be here by then; I'll need you before then; I have been ill since then; Until then; Goodbye till then!) then3) (after that: I had a drink, (and) then I went home.) then4) (in that case: He might not give us the money and then what would we do?) then5) (often used especially at the end of sentences in which an explanation, opinion etc is asked for, or which show surprise etc: What do you think of that, then?) then6) (in that case; as a result: If you're tired, then you must rest.) then* * *[ˈdan]1. (rangmäßig danach) thener ist der Klassenbeste, \dann kommt sein Bruder und \dann ich he is top of the class, followed by his brother and then by me [or then comes his brother and then me2. (dahinter) thensie sprang zuerst ins Wasser, \dann sprangen die anderen she jumped first of all into the water, [and] then the otherslass uns ins Kino gehen — und was machen wir \dann? let's got to the cinema — and what are we doing afterwards?4. (zu dem Zeitpunkt) thennoch ein Jahr, \dann ist er mit dem Studium fertig another year and he will have finished his studieswenn das gemacht ist, \dann kannst du gehen when that's done, you can gonoch eine Woche, \dann ist Ostern another week and [then] it's Easterwas soll \dann werden? what will happen then?ausgerechnet [o gerade] \dann, als/wenn... just when...das Angebot kam ausgerechnet \dann, als ich eine andere Stelle angenommen hatte the offer arrived just after I had accepted another jobbis \dann until then; (spätestens) by thenbis \dann kann ich nicht warten I cannot wait till thenbis \dann muss der Text fertig sein the text has to be finished by thenerst \dann only thenerst \dann begriff ich, wie sehr ich ihn brauchte only then did I realize how much I needed himerst/nur \dann, wenn... only when...ich bezahle nur \dann, wenn du pünktlich lieferst you only get paid when you deliver on timeimmer \dann, wenn... always when...du rufst immer [genau] \dann an, wenn ich keine Zeit habe you always phone when I've got no time5. (schließlich) in the endes hat \dann doch noch geklappt it was all right in the end6. (in diesem Falle) thensolltest du morgen in der Gegend sein, \dann komm doch bei mir vorbei if you are in the neighbourhood tomorrow, do come and see me, thenich habe keine Lust mehr — \dann hör doch auf! I'm not in the mood any more — well stop then!also \dann bis morgen right then, see you tomorrow, see you tomorrow thenja \dann auf Wiedersehen! well then, good-bye!nun, \dann ist ja alles in Ordnung! oh well, in that case [everything's okay]!na, \dann eben nicht! well, in that case[, forget it]!\dann erst recht nicht! then certainly not!\dann will ich nicht weiter stören well, I'd better not disturb you any moreerst \dann only thenerst/nur \dann, wenn... only if...ich verrate es dir nur \dann, wenn du verspricht es geheim zu halten I'll only tell you if you promise to keep it a secretselbst \dann even thenja, selbst \dann yes, even thennein, selbst \dann nicht no, not even thenwenn..., \dann... if..., [then]...wenn du mir nicht glaubst, \dann frag doch die anderen if you don't believe me, [then] ask the others7. (demnach) so\dann hast du also die ganze Zeit mit zugehört so you've been listening the whole time8. (sonst) thenund falls das so nicht klappt, wie \dann? and if it doesn't work, what then?wenn dir auch dieser Vorschlag nicht zusagt, welcher \dann? if you can't agree to this proposal, what can you agree to?wenn man nicht einmal in Schottland echten Whiskey bekommt, wo \dann? if you can't get real whisky in Scotland, where can you expect to find it?wenn er seine Gedichte selbst nicht versteht, wer \dann? if he can't understand his own poems, who else can [understand them]?9. (außerdem)\dann noch as well; (zu alledem)\dann [auch] noch on top of thatauf dem Markt wurde Obst und Gemüse verkauft, und \dann gab es noch Blumen fruit and vegetables were offered at the market, and flowers as wellund \dann kommt noch die Mehrwertsteuer hinzu and then there's VAT to add on top of thatzuletzt fiel \dann auch noch der Strom aus finally to top it all there was a power failureund \dann will er auch noch sein Teil haben and, on top of that, he wants his sharestrohdumm und \dann auch noch frech as thick as they come and cheeky into the bargain [or to boot] fam10.▶ bis \dann! see you then!▶ \dann und \dann on such and such a dateer schrieb mir, dass er \dann und \dann kommen würde he wrote to me that he would come on such and such a date▶ von \dann bis \dann from such and such a date to such and such a date▶ \dann und wann now and thenich sehe sie \dann und wann beim Einkaufen I see her now and then [or I occasionally see her] when I do my shopping* * *1) thennoch drei Tage, dann ist Ostern — another three days and it will be Easter
er ist der Klassenbeste, dann kommt sein Bruder — he is top of the class, followed by his brother or then comes his brother
2) (unter diesen Umständen) then; in that case[na,] dann eben nicht! — in that case, forget it!
dann bis morgen — see you tomorrow, then
nur dann, wenn... — only if...
3) (außerdem)dann noch... — then... as well
* * *dann adv1. (danach, später) then, after that, afterwards;aber dann war es doch sehr schön but then it turned out alright; anfangs war es noch schwer,aber dann ging es auf einmal but then it got easier all of a sudden2. (zu der Zeit) then;dann und dann umg at such and such a time, round about then;dann und wann now and then;bis dann until then; als Abschied: see you (then);erst dann only then;von dann bis dann umg from then till then, from such and such a date ( oder time) until such and such a date ( oder time)3. Reihenfolge: (dahinter) then, after(wards);zuerst kommt die Dampflok, dann die Güterwaggons the engine comes first, followed by the goods wagons (US freight cars)4. (in dem Fall) in that case, then;dann eben nicht! umg all right, forget it!;wenn du mich brauchst, dann sag mir Bescheid if you need me, just let me know;ich mache nur dann mit, wenn … I’ll only join in if ( oder on the condition that) …;dann und nur dann then and only then;selbst dann, wenn … even if …;5. umg (also) so;dann kommst du also? so you ’are coming (then)?etwa)gar nicht? so that isn’t true then?6. in Fragen: (sonst)wer/wo/wie etcdann? who/where/how etc else then?;wenn er es nicht weiß, wer dann? if he doesn’t know, who does?* * *1) thennoch drei Tage, dann ist Ostern — another three days and it will be Easter
er ist der Klassenbeste, dann kommt sein Bruder — he is top of the class, followed by his brother or then comes his brother
2) (unter diesen Umständen) then; in that case[na,] dann eben nicht! — in that case, forget it!
dann bis morgen — see you tomorrow, then
nur dann, wenn... — only if...
3) (außerdem)dann noch... — then... as well
* * *adj.then adj. -
7 hasta
adv.even (incluso).hasta en verano hace frío it's even cold in summerconj.even.prep.1 as far as, up to.voy hasta la próxima estación I'm going as far as the next stationdesde aquí hasta allí from here to thereCaminamos hasta el lago We walked all the way to the lake.2 until, till.hasta ahora (up) until now, so farhasta el final right up until the endhasta luego o pronto o la vista see you (later)hasta que until, tillhasta que vuelvas until you get back3 up to.un interés de hasta el 7 por ciento interest rates of up to 7 percent4 as many as, so many as.5 so much as, as much as.* * *1 (tiempo) until, till, up to2 (lugar) as far as, up to, down to3 (cantidad) up to, as many as4 (incluso) even5 (como despedida) see you■ ¡hasta el lunes! see you on Monday!■ ¡hasta mañana! see you tomorrow!\desde... hasta... from... to...¿hasta cuándo? until when?, how long?■ ¿hasta cuándo tendremos que aguantar este gobierno? how long are we going to have to put up with this government?¿hasta dónde? how far?hasta el punto que... to such a point that...¡hasta la vista! see you!, cheerio!, US so long!¡hasta luego! see you later!hasta más no poder as much as possiblehasta que until* * *prep.1) until, till2) as far as* * *1. PREP1) [en el espacio] [gen] to, as far as; (=hacia arriba) up to; (=hacia abajo) down tofuimos juntos hasta el primer pueblo, luego nos separamos — we went to o as far as the first village together, then we split up
sus tierras llegan hasta las montañas — their lands stretch to o as far as the mountains
te acompaño, pero solo hasta el final de la calle — I'll go with you, but only to o up to o down to the end of the street
•
¿hasta dónde...? — how far...?¿hasta dónde vais? — how far are you going?
•
hasta tan lejos — that far, as far as that-fuimos andando hasta la ermita -¿hasta tan lejos? — "we walked to o as far as the chapel" - "that far?" o "as far as that?"
2) [en el tiempo] until, tillse va a quedar hasta el martes — she's staying until o till Tuesday
no me levanto hasta las nueve — I don't get up until o till nine o'clock
no iré hasta después de la reunión — I won't go until o till after the meeting
falta una semana hasta los exámenes — there's a week to go to o until o till the exams
¿siempre escuchas música hasta tan tarde? — do you always listen to music so late (at night)?
•
hasta ahora — so far, up to nowhasta ahora nadie se ha quejado — so far no one has complained, no one has complained up to now
hasta ahora no se había quejado nadie — no one had complained before o until now o till now
tuve problemas al principio, pero luego las cosas se tranquilizaron y hasta ahora — I had problems at the beginning but then things calmed down and since then it's been OK
•
¿hasta cuándo...? — how long... for?¿hasta cuándo podemos seguir así? — how long can we carry on like this for?
¿hasta cuándo os quedáis? — how long are you staying (for)?
•
hasta entonces — until then, (up) till then•
hasta el momento — so far, up to now, thus far frm3) [con cantidades] [gen] up to; [con valor enfático] as much as/as many as4) [en expresiones de despedida]•
hasta la vista — see you, so long•
hasta luego — see you, bye *•
hasta siempre — * goodbye, farewell frmhasta mañana viene — he's not coming until o till tomorrow
lo hizo hasta el martes — he didn't do it until o till Tuesday
hasta hoy lo conocí — I only met him today, I hadn't met him until o till today
2. CONJ1)• hasta que — until, till
vivió aquí hasta que murió su mujer — he lived here until o till his wife died
no me iré hasta que (no) me lo des — I won't go until o till you give it to me
2) + infin until, tillno se fueron hasta acabar — they didn't leave until o till they were finished
3.ADV (=incluso) evenHASTA La preposición hasta tiene varias traducciones posibles, dependiendo de si se emplea en expresiones de tiempo o de lugar. En expresiones de tiempo ► Generalmente se traduce por till o until. Till tiene un uso más informal que until y no suele ir al principio de la frase. El paquete no me llegó hasta dos semanas después The parcel did not arrive until o till two weeks later Hasta entonces las cosas nos iban bien Until then things were going well for us ► Además, hasta también se puede traducir por to en la construcción desde... hasta...: Estoy aquí todos los días desde las ocho hasta las tres I'm here every day from eight until o till o to three Te estuve esperando desde las once de la mañana hasta la una de la tarde I was waiting for you from eleven in the morning until o till o to one in the afternoon En expresiones de lugar ► Cuando usamos hasta en expresiones de lugar, podemos traducirlo por (up/down) to o por as far as: Caminó hasta el borde del acantilado He walked (up) to o as far as the edge of the cliff ¿Vamos hasta la orilla? Shall we go down to the shore? Ya anda solo hasta el sofá He can already walk on his own as far as o (up) to the sofa Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entradala música estaba tan alta que se oía hasta desde la calle — the music was so loud that you could even hear it from the street
* * *I1) ( en el tiempo)a) until¿hasta cuándo te quedas? - hasta el viernes — how long are you staying? - until o till Friday
hasta hace unos años — (up) until o up to a few years ago
hasta ahora or hasta el momento — so far, up to now
¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? — do you always work so late?
b)hasta que — until, till
hasta que + subj: espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining; es inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario — he is innocent until proven guilty
c)d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo)cierran hasta las nueve — they don't close until o till nine
e) ( en saludos)hasta luego — see you (colloq), bye (colloq)
hasta siempre, amigos — farewell, my friends
2) ( en el espacio) to¿hasta dónde va usted? — how far are you going?
3) ( en cantidades) up toIIadverbio evenhasta te diría que... — I'd even go as o so far as to say that...
* * *= through, till, down to, all the way to, up to, all the way up to, as far as.Ex. Taking 197 as the base year, the price index of journals for an academic veterinary library has risen 143.00 points, an annual average of 15.89 points through 1986.Ex. In this case when the < Page Down> key was pressed the display scrolled till the cursor reached the end of record.Ex. A user could formulate a request in natural language, which would then be processed by the system and matched against the data base to give a ranked output down to the set cut-off point.Ex. Indexes, abstracts, catalogues, bibliographies and so on, leading all the way to computer data bases, are set forth as the modern, timesaving and efficient ways to obtain information.Ex. If the contractor defaults in his performance and fails to fulfill his contractual promises, the surety can itself complete the contract, or pay damages up to the limit of the bond.Ex. This organization may vary from a one-person operation in a special library all the way up to an internationally known indexing and abstracting agency.Ex. The abstractor is expected to reflect the authors' emphases, priorities, order and language as far as is reasonable.----* Adjetivo + hasta la saciedad = endlessly + Adjetivo.* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk, from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* fumar hasta desaparecer en una nube de humo = smoke + Reflexivo + into a cloud.* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.* hasta ahora = as yet, hitherto, so far, thus far, to date, up to now, yet, heretofore, all along, up to this point, by now, as of today, until now, up until now, up till now, till now.* hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.* hasta aquel momento = until that time.* hasta aquí = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, thus far, so far, until now, this far.* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* hasta cierto punto = up to a point, to some degree, to some extent.* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see, as far as the eye can see.* hasta donde es posible = as far as possible.* hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.* hasta donde + Pronombre + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* hasta donde sea posible = as far as possible.* hasta el amanacer = till dawn.* hasta el cuarenta de mayo no te quites el sayo = cast no clout till May is out.* hasta el cuello = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, to the hilt.* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* hasta el extremo de = to the point of, up to the point of.* hasta el extremo que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el final = until the end, until the bitter end.* hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* hasta el momento = as yet.* hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.* hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.* hasta el punto de = to the point of, up to the point of.* hasta el punto que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el suelo = floor-length.* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.* hasta ese momento = up to that point.* hasta este momento = up to this point, up to this point.* hasta + Expresión Temporal = See you + Expresión Temporal, as far back as + Expresión Temporal.* hasta + Expresión Temporal + inclusive = on or before + Expresión Temporal.* hasta + Fecha = by + Fecha, up until + Fecha.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* hasta hace + Tiempo = up until + Tiempo.* hasta hoy = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la cintura = waist deep, waist high, waist length.* hasta la empuñadura = to the hilt.* hasta la fecha = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.* hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.* hasta la rodilla = knee deep, knee-high.* hasta la saciedad = ad nauseam.* hasta los codos = up to + Posesivo + armpits, up to + Posesivo + elbows.* hasta los hombros = shoulder-high, shoulder-length.* hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* hasta los topes = packed to capacity, bursting at the seams, choc-a-block, chock-full, overloaded, packed to the rafters.* hasta los topes (de) = bursting with, jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* hasta luego = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta mañana = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta + Nombre + incluido éste = up to and including + Nombre.* hasta + Nombre + inclusive = up to and including + Nombre.* hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.* hasta + Número = up to + Número.* hasta pasar a una nueva situación = tide-over.* hasta pronto = bye for now, I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta (que) = until.* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* hasta que no se demuestre lo contrario = until proven otherwise.* hasta qué punto = how far, the extent to which, to what extent.* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.* hasta última hora = until the last minute.* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.* hasta un punto limitado = to a limited extent.* justo hasta = down to.* llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.* metido hasta la rodilla = knee deep.* metido hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.* que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.* que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* * *I1) ( en el tiempo)a) until¿hasta cuándo te quedas? - hasta el viernes — how long are you staying? - until o till Friday
hasta hace unos años — (up) until o up to a few years ago
hasta ahora or hasta el momento — so far, up to now
¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? — do you always work so late?
b)hasta que — until, till
hasta que + subj: espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining; es inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario — he is innocent until proven guilty
c)d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo)cierran hasta las nueve — they don't close until o till nine
e) ( en saludos)hasta luego — see you (colloq), bye (colloq)
hasta siempre, amigos — farewell, my friends
2) ( en el espacio) to¿hasta dónde va usted? — how far are you going?
3) ( en cantidades) up toIIadverbio evenhasta te diría que... — I'd even go as o so far as to say that...
* * *hasta (que)= untilEx: Until the mid nineteenth century the concept of authorship was confined to personal authors.
= through, till, down to, all the way to, up to, all the way up to, as far as.Ex: Taking 197 as the base year, the price index of journals for an academic veterinary library has risen 143.00 points, an annual average of 15.89 points through 1986.
Ex: In this case when the < Page Down> key was pressed the display scrolled till the cursor reached the end of record.Ex: A user could formulate a request in natural language, which would then be processed by the system and matched against the data base to give a ranked output down to the set cut-off point.Ex: Indexes, abstracts, catalogues, bibliographies and so on, leading all the way to computer data bases, are set forth as the modern, timesaving and efficient ways to obtain information.Ex: If the contractor defaults in his performance and fails to fulfill his contractual promises, the surety can itself complete the contract, or pay damages up to the limit of the bond.Ex: This organization may vary from a one-person operation in a special library all the way up to an internationally known indexing and abstracting agency.Ex: The abstractor is expected to reflect the authors' emphases, priorities, order and language as far as is reasonable.* Adjetivo + hasta la saciedad = endlessly + Adjetivo.* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk, from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* fumar hasta desaparecer en una nube de humo = smoke + Reflexivo + into a cloud.* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.* hasta ahora = as yet, hitherto, so far, thus far, to date, up to now, yet, heretofore, all along, up to this point, by now, as of today, until now, up until now, up till now, till now.* hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.* hasta aquel momento = until that time.* hasta aquí = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, thus far, so far, until now, this far.* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* hasta cierto punto = up to a point, to some degree, to some extent.* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see, as far as the eye can see.* hasta donde es posible = as far as possible.* hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.* hasta donde + Pronombre + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* hasta donde sea posible = as far as possible.* hasta el amanacer = till dawn.* hasta el cuarenta de mayo no te quites el sayo = cast no clout till May is out.* hasta el cuello = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, to the hilt.* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* hasta el extremo de = to the point of, up to the point of.* hasta el extremo que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el final = until the end, until the bitter end.* hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* hasta el momento = as yet.* hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.* hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.* hasta el punto de = to the point of, up to the point of.* hasta el punto que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta el suelo = floor-length.* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.* hasta ese momento = up to that point.* hasta este momento = up to this point, up to this point.* hasta + Expresión Temporal = See you + Expresión Temporal, as far back as + Expresión Temporal.* hasta + Expresión Temporal + inclusive = on or before + Expresión Temporal.* hasta + Fecha = by + Fecha, up until + Fecha.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* hasta hace + Tiempo = up until + Tiempo.* hasta hoy = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la cintura = waist deep, waist high, waist length.* hasta la empuñadura = to the hilt.* hasta la fecha = to date, up to now, so far.* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.* hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.* hasta la rodilla = knee deep, knee-high.* hasta la saciedad = ad nauseam.* hasta los codos = up to + Posesivo + armpits, up to + Posesivo + elbows.* hasta los hombros = shoulder-high, shoulder-length.* hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* hasta los topes = packed to capacity, bursting at the seams, choc-a-block, chock-full, overloaded, packed to the rafters.* hasta los topes (de) = bursting with, jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* hasta luego = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta mañana = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta + Nombre + incluido éste = up to and including + Nombre.* hasta + Nombre + inclusive = up to and including + Nombre.* hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.* hasta + Número = up to + Número.* hasta pasar a una nueva situación = tide-over.* hasta pronto = bye for now, I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.* hasta (que) = until.* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* hasta que no se demuestre lo contrario = until proven otherwise.* hasta qué punto = how far, the extent to which, to what extent.* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.* hasta última hora = until the last minute.* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.* hasta un punto limitado = to a limited extent.* justo hasta = down to.* llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.* metido hasta la rodilla = knee deep.* metido hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.* que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.* que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.* * *1 until¿hasta cuándo te quedas? — hasta el viernes how long are you staying? — until o till Fridayno se levanta hasta las once she doesn't get up till o until elevenFrancisco Mera, el hasta ahora presidente de la Confederación Francisco Mera, hitherto president of the Confederation ( frml)hasta hace algunos años until o up until o up to a few years agodesde que asumieron el poder hasta la fecha or hasta ahora from the time they came to power until now o until the present dayhasta ahora or hasta el momento so far, up to now¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? do you always work so late?hasta + INF:no descansó hasta terminar she didn't rest until she'd finished2hasta que until, tillesperamos hasta que paró de llover we waited until it stopped raininghasta QUE + SUBJ:espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops rainingdecidieron esperar hasta que parase de llover they decided to wait until o till it stopped raininges inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario he is innocent until proven guiltyno se acuesta hasta que (no) termine de leerlo he doesn't go to bed until he has read it3hasta tanto until such time ashasta tanto el pueblo (no) se pronuncie en un referéndum until such (a) time as the people voice their opinion in a referendum4(AmC, Col, Méx) (con valor negativo): será publicado hasta fines de año it won't be published until the end of the yearhasta ahora la gente empieza a darse cuenta people are only (just) beginning to realize nowcierran hasta las nueve they don't close until o till ninehasta que tomé la píldora se me quitó el dolor the pain didn't go away until o till I took the tablet5(en saludos): hasta mañana/la semana que viene see you tomorrow/next weekhasta pronto see you soonhasta ahora see you soon, see you in a minutehasta siempre, compañeros farewell, my friendsB (en el espacio) toviajé con ella desde Puebla hasta Veracruz I traveled with her from Puebla to Veracruzel agua me llegaba hasta los hombros the water came up to o came up as far as my shoulderstraza una línea desde aquí hasta aquí draw a line from here to here¿me acompañas hasta la parada? will you come to o come as far as the stop with me?¿hasta dónde va usted? how far are you going?C (en cantidades) up tohasta el 80% del total up to 80% of the totalhay que hacer hasta el ejercicio diez inclusive we have to do up to and including exercise ten, we have to do as far as exercise tenhasta cierto punto tiene razón she's right, up to a point o to a certain extent, she's righteveneso lo sabe hasta un niño de dos años even a two-year-old knows thathasta te diría que … I'd even go as o so far as to say that …* * *
hasta preposición
1 ( en el tiempo)a) until;
hasta el momento so far, up to nowb)
espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops rainingc)
d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo):◊ cierran hasta las nueve they don't close until o till ninee) ( en saludos):
hasta luego/pronto see you (colloq), see you soon
2 ( en el espacio) to;
el pelo le llega hasta la cintura her hair goes down to her waist;
¿hasta dónde llega? how far does it go?
3 ( en cantidades) up to;
■ adverbio
even
hasta
I preposición
1 (marca límite: en el espacio) up to, as far as, down to
hasta el final, right to the end
(en el tiempo) until, till, up to
hasta junio, until June
hasta la fecha, up to now
hasta entonces todo había ido bien, until then everything had gone smoothly
(en la cantidad) up to, as many as: sólo puedo gastarme hasta cinco mil pesetas, I can only spend up to five thousand pesetas
(en la acción) till, until: hasta sus últimas consecuencias, till the bitter end
firme hasta la muerte, firm till death
2 (indica sorpresa) even: hasta nosotros nos divertimos con la película, even we enjoyed the film
II conj
1 (seguido de gerundio o cuando) even when: hasta cuando vamos al cine tiene que comer, even when we go to the cinema she has to be eating
hasta llorando está guapo, he's good-looking even when he cries
2 hasta que, until: estúdialo hasta que lo sepas, study it until you know it
♦ Locuciones: hasta luego, see you later
hasta mañana, see you tomorrow
hasta la coronilla, sick and tired
hasta el último detalle, to the last chapter and verse
hasta el día del juicio, till hell freezes o till the cows come home
' hasta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acompañar
- ahora
- alcanzar
- aquí
- armada
- armado
- aviso
- bandera
- calada
- calado
- calarse
- charla
- cierta
- cierto
- combatir
- coronilla
- derramamiento
- descolgarse
- desde
- disolución
- entonces
- escobilla
- esprintar
- fecha
- gorgorito
- gorro
- gruñido
- hartar
- inclusive
- incluso
- luego
- mañana
- media
- médula
- moño
- odisea
- paciencia
- pringada
- pringado
- punto
- rasa
- raso
- relativamente
- saciedad
- seguir
- sobremesa
- sopa
- tanta
- tanto
- tarde
English:
actually
- adjourn
- as
- attain
- be
- best
- bitter
- bleed
- blue
- blunder
- bonded warehouse
- brassed off
- brim
- brown
- buckle up
- burn
- bye
- bye-bye
- call at
- certain
- cheer
- cheerio
- cheese off
- clear
- come up to
- cross-country
- date
- death
- deep
- degree
- drip
- end
- even
- ex
- expect
- extend
- extent
- eye
- face
- far
- fast forward
- fight
- fight on
- fill up
- follow through
- further
- gallop up
- get up to
- hear of
- hitherto
* * *♦ prep1. [en el espacio] as far as, up to;desde aquí hasta allí from here to there;llegaré hasta allí en diez minutos I'll get there in ten minutes;¿hasta dónde va este tren? where does this train go?;¿hasta dónde viajas? where are you travelling to?, how far are you going?;voy hasta la próxima estación I'm going as far as the next station2. [en el tiempo] until, till;quedan dos semanas hasta Navidad there are two weeks to go until o till Christmas;hasta el final right up until the end;no vi el mar hasta los diez años I never saw the sea until I was ten years old;no parará hasta lograr su objetivo she won't stop until she gets what she wants;nos reímos hasta no poder más we laughed ourselves silly;hasta ahora [por ahora] (up) until now, so far;[como despedida] see you later o in a minute;Carolina Méndez, la hasta ahora portavoz del gobierno Carolina Méndez, who until now has been the government's spokesperson;hasta que until, till;esperaré hasta que llegues I'll wait until o till you arrive;no me detendré hasta que descubra la verdad I won't stop until o till I find out the truth;falta mucho hasta que esté acabado there's still a long way to go until o till o before it's finishedhasta mañana see you tomorrow;hasta más ver I'll be seeing you;hasta nunca I hope I never see you again;hasta otra I'll see you when I see you, see you again some time;hasta la próxima see you next time;hasta siempre farewell;hasta la vuelta I'll see you when you get back4. CAm, Col, Ecuad, Méx [no antes de]pintaremos la casa hasta fin de mes we won't start painting the house until the end of the month;¿llevas diez días aquí y hasta ahora me llamas? you've been here ten days and it's taken you that long to phone me?5. [con cantidades] up to;puedes ganar hasta un millón you can earn up to a million;un interés de hasta el 7 por ciento interest rates of up to 7 percent;leí hasta la página 30 I read as far as o up to page 30♦ adv[incluso] even;hasta en verano hace frío it's even cold in summer;hasta cuando descansa está pensando en el trabajo even when he's resting he's (still) thinking about work;hasta ellos querían venir even they wanted to come* * *I prp until, till;hasta que until;llegó hasta Bilbao he went as far as Bilbao;hasta aquí up to here;hasta ahora so far;¿hasta cuándo? how long?;no se levanta hasta las diez he doesn’t get up until ten o’clock;¡hasta luego! see you (later);¡hasta la vista! see you (later)II adv even;hasta un niño podría hacerlo even a child could do it* * *hasta adv: evenhasta prep1) : until, up untilhasta entonces: until then¡hasta luego!: see you later!2) : as far asnos fuimos hasta Managua: we went all the way to Managua3) : up tohasta cierto punto: up to a certain point4)hasta que : until* * *hasta1 adv evenhasta2 prep1. (tiempo) until / till2. (cantidad) up to3. (lugar) as far asdesde... hasta from... to¿hasta cuándo...? how long...?¿hasta cuándo te quedas? how long are you staying? -
8 tal
adj.1 such (semejante, tan grande).¡jamás se vio cosa tal! you've never seen such a thing!lo dijo con tal seguridad que… he said it with such conviction that…su miedo era tal o tal era su miedo que… so great o such was her fear that…, she was so afraid that…en tal caso in such a casedijo cosas tales como… he said things like…2 such and such.a tal hora at such and such a timepron.such a thing (alguna cosa).* * *► adjetivo1 (semejante) such2 (tan grande) such, so■ tal es su ignorancia que... he is so ignorant that...3 (cosa sin especificar) such and such4 (persona sin especificar) someone called, a certain1 (alguno - cosa) such a thing, something; (- persona) someone, somebody► adverbio1 (así) in such a way, so■ tal me contestó que no supe cómo reaccionar he answered in such a way that I didn't know how to react■ tal estaban de cansados que se fueron a dormir en seguida they were so tired that they went straight to bed\como si tal cosa as if nothing had happenedcomo tal as suchde tal manera que in such a way thatde tal palo tal astilla like father, like sonno hay tal como... there's nothing like...¿qué tal? how are things?¿qué tal...? how... ?■ ¿qué tal estuvo la fiesta? how was the party?tal cual just as it istal para cual two of a kindtal vez perhaps, maybetal y como just as, as■ tal y como veo las cosas... as I see things...y tal y cual and so on* * *1. adj.1) such2) said•- tal vez2. adv.so, thus3. pron.1) such a one2) such a thing* * *1. ADJ1) [en relación con algo ya mencionado] suchnunca he hecho tal cosa — I never did any such thing o anything of the sort
hace diez años, tal día como hoy — on the same day ten years ago, ten years ago today
cosa 4), palo 1)el tal cura resultó estar casado — this priest (we were talking about) o pey this priest person turned out to be married
2) [indicando extrañeza o exageración] suchcon tal atrevimiento — with such a cheek, so cheekily
¡había tal confusión en el aeropuerto! — it was total chaos at the airport!
3) [indicando indeterminación]tal día, a tal hora — on such-and-such a day, at such-and-such a time
vivía en la calle tal, en el número cual — she lived in such-and-such a street at such-and-such a number
necesitaba un millón para tal cosa y otro millón para tal otra — he needed a million for one thing and another million for another
un tal García — one García, a man called García or something pey
2. PRON1) (=persona indeterminada)esa es una tal — pey she's a tart *
fulanoes su padre, y como tal, es responsable de su hijo — he's his father, and as such he is responsible for his son
2) (=cosa indeterminada)no haré tal — I won't do anything of the sort, I'll do no such thing
•
y tal * —había pinchos, bebidas y tal — there were snacks and drinks and things
estábamos charlando y tal, y de pronto me dio un beso — we were just chatting and so on, when suddenly he kissed me
•
tal y cual, teníamos prisa, pero entre tal y cual tardamos una hora — we were in a hurry, but between one thing and another it took us an houres muy simpática y tal y cual, pero no me gusta — she's very nice and all that, but I don't like her
me dijo que si tal y que si cual, pero no pudo convencerme — he said this, that and the other, but he wasn't able to convince me
3. ADV1) [en comparaciones]•
tal como, estaba tal como lo dejé — it was just as I had left ittal y como están las cosas, no creo que sea buena idea — as things are o given the current state of affairs, I don't think it would be a good idea
tal y como están las cosas, es mejor que nos vayamos — under the circumstances, it would be better if we left
•
tal cual, déjalo tal cual — leave it just as it istal la madre, cual la hija — like mother, like daughter
•
tal que, tomaremos algo ligero tal que una tortilla — we'll have something light such as o like an omelette2) [en preguntas]¿qué tal? — how's things?, how are you?
¿qué tal el partido? — what was the game like?, how was the game?
¿qué tal tu tío? — how's your uncle?
¿qué tal estás? — how are you?
¿qué tal estoy con este vestido? — how do I look in this dress?
¿qué tal has dormido? — how did you sleep?
¿qué tal es físicamente? — what does she look like?
¿qué tal si lo compramos? — why don't we buy it?, suppose we buy it?
3)• tal vez — perhaps, maybe
son, tal vez, las mejores canciones del disco — they are perhaps o maybe o possibly the best songs on the album
-¿crees que ganarán? -tal vez — "do you think they'll win?" - "perhaps o maybe o they may do"
4)• con tal de, hace lo que sea con tal de llamar la atención — he'll do anything to attract attention
no importa el frío con tal de ir bien abrigado — the cold doesn't matter as long as o if you're well wrapped up
•
con tal de que — provided (that), as long ascon tal de que no me engañes — provided (that) o as long as you don't deceive me
con tal de que regreséis antes de las once — provided (that) o as long as you get back before eleven
* * *I1) ( dicho) suchnunca dije tal cosa — I never said anything of the kind o such a thing
2) ( seguido de consecuencia)era tal su desesperación que... — such was his despair that...
se llevó tal disgusto que... — she was so upset (that)...
había tal cantidad de gente que... — there were so many people that...
3) ( con valor indeterminado) such-and-suchIItal día en tal lugar such-and-such a day, at such-and-such a place; llamó un tal Méndez — a Mr Méndez phoned
si quieres trato de adulto, compórtate como tal — if you want to be treated like an adult, behave like one
IIIson tal para cual — (fam) he's just as bad as she is, they're as bad as each other
1) (fam) ( en preguntas)hola ¿qué tal? — hello, how are you?
¿qué tal es Marisa? — what's Marisa like?
¿qué tal lo pasaron? — how did it go?
2) (en locs)con tal de + inf: hace cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to get attention; con tal de no tener que volver as long as I don't have to come back; con tal (de) que + subj: con tal (de) que nadie se entere as long as no one finds out; con tal (de) que me lo devuelvas as long as o provided you give it back (to me); tal (y) como: tal (y) como están las cosas the way things are; hazlo tal (y) como te indicó do it exactly as she told you; tal cual: me lo dijo así, tal cual those were her exact words; lo dejé todo tal cual I left everything exactly as it was o just as it was; tal vez maybe; tal vez venga maybe he'll come; pensé que tal vez querrías — I thought you might want to
* * *= such.Ex. Preferential relationships generally indicate preferred terms or descriptors and distinguish such terms from non-descriptors or non-preferred terms.----* aceptar tal cual = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.* como tal = as such, in this capacity, qua.* con tal de que + Subjuntivo = providing (that).* con tal de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), as long as.* copiar tal cual = lift + wholesale and unmodified.* de modo tal que = so much so that.* de tal envergadura = such that, of such magnitude.* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.* de tal manera que = so that.* de tal modo que = in such a way that, so.* de tal modo que raya en lo ridículo = ridiculously.* de tal modo que + Subjuntivo = in such a way as to + Infinitivo.* de tal naturaleza = such that.* de tal palo tal astilla = a chip off the old block, like father, like son.* fulano de tal = so-and-so.* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.* no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as.* tal como = such as, such + Nombre + as, just as.* tal como es = warts and all.* tal como lo conocemos = as we know it.* tal cual = unaltered, uncritically, unmodified, unedited, warts and all, just as, like that, like this.* tal o cual = such and such.* tal que = such that.* tal vez = perhaps.* tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como es/son = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como + ser = in + Posesivo + true colours.* tal y cual = such and such.* * *I1) ( dicho) suchnunca dije tal cosa — I never said anything of the kind o such a thing
2) ( seguido de consecuencia)era tal su desesperación que... — such was his despair that...
se llevó tal disgusto que... — she was so upset (that)...
había tal cantidad de gente que... — there were so many people that...
3) ( con valor indeterminado) such-and-suchIItal día en tal lugar such-and-such a day, at such-and-such a place; llamó un tal Méndez — a Mr Méndez phoned
si quieres trato de adulto, compórtate como tal — if you want to be treated like an adult, behave like one
IIIson tal para cual — (fam) he's just as bad as she is, they're as bad as each other
1) (fam) ( en preguntas)hola ¿qué tal? — hello, how are you?
¿qué tal es Marisa? — what's Marisa like?
¿qué tal lo pasaron? — how did it go?
2) (en locs)con tal de + inf: hace cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to get attention; con tal de no tener que volver as long as I don't have to come back; con tal (de) que + subj: con tal (de) que nadie se entere as long as no one finds out; con tal (de) que me lo devuelvas as long as o provided you give it back (to me); tal (y) como: tal (y) como están las cosas the way things are; hazlo tal (y) como te indicó do it exactly as she told you; tal cual: me lo dijo así, tal cual those were her exact words; lo dejé todo tal cual I left everything exactly as it was o just as it was; tal vez maybe; tal vez venga maybe he'll come; pensé que tal vez querrías — I thought you might want to
* * *= such.Ex: Preferential relationships generally indicate preferred terms or descriptors and distinguish such terms from non-descriptors or non-preferred terms.
* aceptar tal cual = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.* como tal = as such, in this capacity, qua.* con tal de que + Subjuntivo = providing (that).* con tal de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), as long as.* copiar tal cual = lift + wholesale and unmodified.* de modo tal que = so much so that.* de tal envergadura = such that, of such magnitude.* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.* de tal manera que = so that.* de tal modo que = in such a way that, so.* de tal modo que raya en lo ridículo = ridiculously.* de tal modo que + Subjuntivo = in such a way as to + Infinitivo.* de tal naturaleza = such that.* de tal palo tal astilla = a chip off the old block, like father, like son.* fulano de tal = so-and-so.* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.* no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as.* tal como = such as, such + Nombre + as, just as.* tal como es = warts and all.* tal como lo conocemos = as we know it.* tal cual = unaltered, uncritically, unmodified, unedited, warts and all, just as, like that, like this.* tal o cual = such and such.* tal que = such that.* tal vez = perhaps.* tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como es/son = as it/they stand(s).* tal y como + ser = in + Posesivo + true colours.* tal y cual = such and such.* * *tal1A(dicho): no existía tal tesoro, todo era fruto de su imaginación there was no such treasure, he had made it all upyo nunca he dicho tal cosa I have never said anything of the kind o anything of the sortnunca recibí tales instrucciones I never received any such instructionsB(seguido de consecuencia): su desesperación era tal or era tal su desesperación que llegó a pensar en el suicidio his despair was such o such was his despair that he even contemplated suicidese llevó tal disgusto or se llevó un disgusto tal que estuvo llorando toda la tarde she was so upset (that) she spent the whole afternoon cryinghabía tal cantidad de gente que no pudimos entrar there were such a lot of o so many people that we couldn't get inC (con valor indeterminado) such-and-such ( before n)siempre está pidiendo dinero para tal cosa y tal otra he's always asking for money for one thing or anotherha llamado un tal Méndez a Mr Méndez phoned, someone called Méndez phonedtal2si quieres que te traten como a un adulto, compórtate como tal if you want to be treated like an adult, behave like onees usted el secretario y como tal tiene ciertas responsabilidades you are the secretary and as such you have certain responsibilitiesque si tal y que si cual and so on and so forthestaban pintando, poniendo tablas nuevas y tal ( Esp); they were painting, putting in new boards and so on o and that sort of thingme dijo que si eras un tal y un cual … he said all kinds of terrible things about youson tal para cual ( fam); he's just as bad as she is o they're as bad as each other o they're two of a kindCompuestos:tal3A ( fam)(en preguntas): hola ¿qué tal? hello, how are you?¿qué tal estuvo la fiesta? how was the party?¿qué tal es Marisa? what's Marisa like?B ( en locs):con tal de + INF: hace cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to get attentioncon tal de no tener que volver mañana as long as I don't have to come back tomorrowcon tal (de) que + SUBJ: con tal (de) que no se entere nadie, pagará lo que le pidamos he'll pay whatever we ask to stop anybody finding outquédatelo por ahora, con tal (de) que me lo devuelvas antes del viernes keep it for now, as long as o provided you give it back (to me) before Fridaydale otro, cualquier cosa con tal (de) que se calle give her another one, anything to keep her quiettal (y) como: tal (y) como están las cosas the way things aredéjalo tal (y) como lo encontraste leave it just the way you found it o just as you found ithazlo tal (y) como te indicó do it exactly as she told you o just as she told youtal cual: me lo dijo así, tal cual those were her exact words, she said just that, word for wordno cambié nada, lo dejé todo tal cual I didn't change anything, I left everything exactly as it was o just as it wasel postre le quedó igualito al de la foto, tal cual the dessert came out exactly as it looked in the phototal vez maybe¿vas a ir? — tal vez are you going to go? — maybe o I'll seetal vez no se enteró or no se haya enterado maybe o perhaps o it's possible she hasn't heardse me ocurrió que tal vez estuviera or estaría allí esperándome it occurred to me that he might be there waiting for me* * *
tal adjetivo
1 ( dicho) such;
nunca dije tal cosa I never said anything of the kind o such a thing
2 ( seguido de consecuencia):◊ se llevó tal disgusto que … she was so upset (that) …;
había tal cantidad de gente que … there were so many people that …
3 ( con valor indeterminado) such-and-such;
llamó un tal Méndez a Mr Méndez phoned
■ pronombre:◊ eres un adulto, compórtate como tal you're an adult, behave like one;
que si tal y que si cual and so on and so forth;
son tal para cual they're as bad as each other
■ adverbio
1 (fam) ( en preguntas):◊ hola ¿qué tal? hello, how are you?;
¿qué tal es Marisa? what's Marisa like?;
¿qué tal lo pasaron? how did it go?
2 ( en locs)◊ con tal de: hace cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to get attention;
con tal de no tener que volver as long as I don't have to come back;
tal (y) como: tal (y) como están las cosas the way things are;
hazlo tal (y) como te indicó do it exactly as she told you;
tal cual: lo dejé todo tal cual I left everything exactly as it was;
tal vez maybe
tal
I adjetivo
1 (dicho, semejante) such: no dije tal cosa, I never said such a thing o anything of the kind
tales mariposas son corrientes aquí, butterflies like that are common here
de tal madre, tal hija, like mother, like daughter
de tal manera, in such a way
en tales condiciones, in such conditions
tal día como hoy, on a day like today
(uso enfático) nunca escuché tal algarabía, I never heard such a racket
tenía tal dolor de cabeza..., I had such a headache...
2 (valor indeterminado) such and such
tal día, en tal sitio, such and such a day at such and such a place
ayer te llamó un tal Pedro, someone called Pedro phoned you yesterday
II pron él es el jefe, y como tal es el culpable, he's the boss and, as such, he's to blame
sois tal para cual, you are two of a kind
y tal y cual, and so on
III adv (en expresiones)
1 ¿qué tal?: ¿qué tal tu familia?, how is your family? 2 tal vez, perhaps, maybe ➣ Ver nota en maybe 3 tal cual, just as it is 4 tal como, just as: tal como lo contaba, parecía cierto, the way he explained it, it seemed true
(del mismo modo) escríbelo tal y como te lo cuento, write it exactly as I tell you 5 con tal (de) que, so long as, provided
' tal' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
astilla
- bailar
- bañera
- bien
- caso
- como
- con
- cual
- fulana
- fulano
- hombre
- manera
- padre
- palo
- rebotar
- reventa
- según
- semejante
- soñar
- tanta
- tanto
- tramoya
- vez
- caer
- che
- esperar
- llegar
- pasar
- preguntar
- prever
- punto
- qué
- regular
- resultar
- salir
- tirar
- y
English:
abroad
- arbitration
- average
- card
- certain
- chip
- colour
- come out
- do
- father
- fine
- flail
- grill
- intimidate
- like
- long
- maybe
- perhaps
- stand
- such
- such-and-such
- suchlike
- talk
- two
- wander
- way
- a
- come
- cope
- get
- keep
- kind
- length
- OK
- one
- regardless
- shame
- status
- tell
- thing
* * *♦ adj1. [semejante] such;¡jamás se vio cosa tal! you've never seen such a thing!;en tal caso in such a case;dijo cosas tales como… he said such things as…2. [tan grande] such;lo dijo con tal seguridad que… he said it with such conviction that…;me enojé de tal modo que… I got so angry that…;su miedo era tal que…, tal era su miedo que… so great o such was her fear that…, she was so afraid that…3. [mencionado]yo no he dicho tal cosa I never said such a thing, I never said anything of the sort;tales noticias resultaron falsas the news turned out to be untrue;ese tal Félix es un antipático that Félix is really unpleasant4. [sin especificar] such and such;a tal hora at such and such a time;quedamos tal día en tal sitio we agreed to meet on a certain day in a certain placehay un tal Jiménez que te puede ayudar there's someone called Mr Jiménez who can help you♦ pron1. [semejante cosa] such a thing;yo no dije tal I never said any such thing, I never said anything of the sort;como tal [en sí] as such;tal y cual, tal y tal this and that;y tal [etcétera] and so on;trajeron vino, cerveza y tal they brought wine and beer and so on o and stuff2. [semejante persona]si eres un profesional, actúa como tal if you're a professional, then act like one3. Compque si tal, que si cual this, that and the other;ser tal para cual to be two of a kind♦ adv¿qué tal…? how…?;¿qué tal (estás)? how are you (doing)?, how's it going?;¿qué tal el viaje? how was the journey?;¿qué tal es ese hotel? what's that hotel like?;¿qué tal si nos tomamos algo? why don't we have something to drink?;¿qué tal un descanso? what about a break?;tal (y) como just as o like;todo está tal y como lo dejamos everything is just as we left it;tal y como están las cosas… as things stand…, the way things are…;tal y como suele ocurrir… as is usual…;déjalo tal cual leave it (just) as it is;Famuna bebida, tal que una cerveza a drink, like a beer♦ con tal de loc conjas long as, provided;con tal de volver pronto… as long as o provided we're back early…;haría lo que fuera con tal de entrar en el equipo I'd do anything to get into the team, I'd do anything as long as o provided I got into the team;lo haré con tal (de) que me des tiempo I'll do it as long as o provided you give me time♦ tal vez loc advperhaps, maybe;¿vienes? – tal vez are you coming? – perhaps o maybe o I may do;tal vez vaya I may go;tal vez llueva mañana it may rain tomorrow;tal vez no lo creas you may not believe it;pensé que tal vez mereciera la pena intentarlo I thought it might be worth trying;tal vez sí maybe, perhaps;tal vez no maybe not, perhaps not* * *I adj such;no dije tal cosa I said no such thing;el gerente era un tal Lucas the manager was someone called Lucas;el tal abogado resultó ser su padre the lawyer (in question) turned out to be her fatherII adv1:¿qué tal? how’s it going?;¿qué tal la película? what was the movie like?2:tal como such as;tal y como exactly as, just as;dejó la habitación tal cual la encontró she left the room just as she found it;occurió así, tal cual that was exactly how it happened;Marta está tal cual Marta is the same as ever, Marta hasn’t changed a bit;con tal de que + subj as long as, provided thatIII pron:tal y tal, tal y cual and so on, and so forth;tal para cual two of a kind* * *tal adv1) : so, in such a way2)tal como : just astal como lo hice: just the way I did it3)con tal que : provided that, as long as4)¿qué tal? : how are you?, how's it going?tal adj1) : such, such a2)tal vez : maybe, perhapstal pron1) : such a one, someone2) : such a thing, something3)tal para cual : two of a kind* * *tal adj1. (semejante) suchla máquina hacía tal ruido que no pudimos oírnos the machine was making such a racket that we couldn't hear one another2. (persona indeterminda) someone callediré yo, con tal de que vayáis conmigo I'll go, as long as you come with me¿qué tal? how are things?¿qué tal...? how...?¿qué tal estuvo la fiesta? how was the party?tal vez maybe / perhaps -
9 tum
tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.I.Absol.A.Referring to a time previously specified.1.To a definite past time.(α).To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:(β).is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:(γ).insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:(δ).quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;(ε).nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—Opposed to another time specified:(ζ).itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;(η).ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:(θ).quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):2.atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:3.quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—Referring to indefinite time.(α).Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:(γ).qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;4.fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—Referring to future time.(α).To a definite time before mentioned:(β).ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.1.Simple sequence in time.(α).Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;(β).otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:(γ).tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:2.at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.(α).Succession of time proper:(β).ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;(γ).not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:C.qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.1.Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;2.rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.(α).With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;(β).tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):(γ).tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):(δ).ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):3.Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.a.Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):b.quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):c.nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:d.visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:e.quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,(α).By vero:(β).cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:(γ).cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:(δ).cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—By inprimis, chiefly, principally:(ε).cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—(ζ).By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:(η).at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:(θ).cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —By etiam, besides, as well:(ι).cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—By quoque, also, besides, as well:(κ).cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—By et, also, besides, too:(λ).cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—By praeterea, moreover, besides:II.dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).A. 1.Referring to definite past time.a.Tum as antecedent of cum:b.jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).(α).Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:(β).cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:2.id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—Referring to definite present time:3.quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—Referring to indefinite time.a.As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;b.etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).As coincident:(β).quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —As subsequent:4.ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—Referring to future time.(α).Tum as antecedent of cum:(β).quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—Tum introducing the apodosis:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):(β).ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—Referring to future time:C.otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).(α).Referring to definite past time:(β).posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—D.With a temporal clause introduced by ut.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of definite past time:(β).nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—Referring to future time:E.neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—With a temporal clause introduced by quando.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause.(α).Of definite past time:(β).auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—Of future time:2.at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):(β).quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—Of future time:F.at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—In the apodosis after simul ac:G.an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—With a temporal clause introduced by dum.1.Tum as antecedent:2.sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—Tum introducing the apodosis:H.dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—As antecedent of quamdiu:K.qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:L.quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—M.With conditional clauses.1. (α).Tum as antecedent of clause:(β).tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—Tum introducing the apodosis:2.si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—With a condition contrary to fact.(α).Tum, antecedent of clause:(β).tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—Tum introducing the apodosis:N.si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —After an abl. absol.1. (α).Referring to definite past time:(β).ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):2.ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—With pres. participles (post-class.):III.tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.Particular connections.A.With other particles of time.1.Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:2.jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.a.Tum demum.(α).In gen.:(β).adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:(γ).imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—b.Tum denique.(α).In gen.:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):3.tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:4. a.tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —Deinde tum (very rare):b.primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—Tum deinde.(α).= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:(β).nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;c.tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—With hic:d.hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—Tum postea:5.tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—With interim:B.unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—With particles of emphasis.1.Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.(α).In gen.:(β).discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:2.quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,3.actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—Ne tum quidem, not even then:4.num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).(α).Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:(β).quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):(γ).regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—5.Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):6.C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—Etiam tum.(α).Even then:(β).etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—7.And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—Tum etiam.(α).Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:(β).atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—Then also, then too, besides:8.tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—Tum quoque.(α).Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;(β).nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—Even then, = etiam tum (rare):(γ).et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:(δ).quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;9.9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:C.nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—Tum with co-ordinating particles.1.Tum autem.(α).= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;(β).tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—= tum... tum:(γ).visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—= eo tempore, with autem as connective:(δ).tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—But in this instance:2.uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—3.Tum praeterea:4.nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—Tum porro:D.tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—Quid tum?1.In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:2.quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—In imitation of a dialogue:3.at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—E.Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6. -
10 tel
tel, telle [tεl]adjective• as-tu jamais rien vu de tel ? have you ever seen such a thing?• il est le patron, en tant que tel il aurait dû agir he is the boss and as such he ought to have taken action• c'est une telle joie de l'entendre ! it's such a joy to hear him!• les métaux tels que l'or, l'argent et le platine metals like gold, silver and platinum• tel que je le connais, il ne viendra pas if I know him, he won't come• tel que vous me voyez, je reviens d'Afrique I'm just back from Africa• il m'a dit: « sortez d'ici ou je vous sors », tel que ! (inf) he said to me "get out of here or I'll throw you out" - just like that!► tel quel, telle quelle (inf)• ils ont eu de tels ennuis avec leur voiture qu'ils l'ont vendue they had such trouble with their car that they sold it• j'ai lu dans tel ou tel article que... I read in some article or other that...* * *
1.
telle tɛl adjectif1) ( pareil) suchun tel homme peut être dangereux — such a man can be dangerous, a man like that can be dangerous
2) ( pareil à) like3) ( ainsi)tels furent ses propos — those were his/her words
il est honnête, du moins je le crois tel — he's honest, at least I believe him to be so
comme tel, en tant que tel — as such
ce n'est pas sa fille mais il la considère comme telle — she's not his daughter but he treats her as if she were
tel quel, tel que — (colloq) controv ( sans modification) as it is
ses affaires étaient restées telles quelles — his/her things were left as they were
de telle sorte or façon or manière que — ( accidentellement) in such a way that; ( délibérément) so that
5) ( un certain)admettons qu'il arrive tel jour, à telle heure — suppose that he arrives on such and such a day, at such and such a time
que je prenne telle ou telle décision il critique toujours — no matter what decision I make, he criticizes it
2.
pronom indéfinitel voulait la guerre, tel voulait la paix — some wanted war, some wanted peace
* * *tɛl adj (telle)1) (= pareil) suchIl n'y a rien de tel qu'une bonne nuit de sommeil. — There's nothing like a good night's sleep.
2) (= comme)tel un... — like a...
tel des... — like...
tel que conj — like, such as
tel quel (= comme c'est) — as it is, as it stands
J'ai tout laissé tel quel. — I left everything as it was.
3) (intensif)un tel... — such (a)...
de tels... — such...
Il a un tel enthousiasme! — He's got such enthusiasm!, He's so enthusiastic!
* * *A adj1 ( pareil) such; une telle conduite vous honore such behaviourGB does you credit; un tel homme peut être dangereux such a man can be dangerous, a man like that can be dangerous; personne d'autre n'a un tel rire no-one else has a laugh like that ou laughs like that; une telle qualité n'existe plus such quality ou quality like that can no longer be found; je n'ai jamais rien vu/entendu de tel I've never seen/heard anything like it; tel que such as; les bêtes féroces telles que le tigre, la panthère fierce animals such as the tiger, the panther; un homme tel que lui mérite d'être pendu a man like that deserves to be hanged;2 ( pareil à) like; ils s'enfuirent telle une bande de moineaux they fled like a flock of sparrows; les poissons de mer qui, tel le saumon, vont se reproduire en rivières sea fish which, like salmon, spawn in rivers;3 ( ainsi) telle est la vérité that is the truth; tels furent ses propos those were his words; tel est cet ami à qui tu faisais confiance that's what he's really like, that friend you trusted; il est honnête, du moins je le crois tel he's honest, at least I believe him to be so; comme tel, en tant que tel as such; ce n'est pas sa fille mais il la considère comme telle she's not his daughter but he treats her as if she were; c'est peut-être son meilleur livre-moi, je le tiens pour tel it's probably his best book-I myself consider it to be so; tel quel, tel que○ controv ( sans modification) as it is; ses affaires étaient restées telles quelles his things were left as they were; servir le saumon tel quel serve the salmon as it is; tu l'avais mis sur la table, je l'ai trouvé tel quel you had left it on the table, I found it lying there; tel que ( comme) as; tel que pratiqué as practisedGB; si cette maison est telle que tu le dis if the house is as you say it is; Marie est restée telle que je l'ai connue Marie has stayed as I knew her; tel que je te connais if I know you; tel que vous le voyez il est milliardaire/il a 80 ans you wouldn't believe it to look at him but he's a millionaire/he's 80;4 ( pour exprimer l'intensité) avec un tel enthousiasme with such enthusiasm; il fait une telle chaleur/un tel froid it is so hot/so cold; il y avait un tel bruit there was so much noise; nos problèmes sont tels que nous devons vous en parler our problems are such that we need to discuss them with you; de telle sorte or façon or manière que ( accidentellement) in such a way that; ( délibérément) so that;5 ( un certain) admettons qu'il arrive tel jour, à telle heure suppose that he arrives on such and such a day, at such and such a time; que je prenne telle ou telle décision il critique toujours no matter what decision I make, he criticizes it; apprendre à se conduire de telle ou telle façon en telle ou telle circonstance to learn to behave in such and such a manner in such and such a situation; je me moque de ce que pense telle ou telle personne I don't care what certain people think; tel autre others; tels autres certain others.B pron indéf tel voulait la guerre, tel voulait la paix some wanted war, some wanted peace; s'il rencontrait tel ou tel il le leur dirait if he were to meet anybody he would tell them; qu'importe si tel et tel ne sont pas contents what does it matter if some people aren't pleased; tel qui se disait son ami le renie aujourd'hui he who claimed to be his friend denies him now; ⇒ prendre.[tɛl] ( féminin telle, pluriel masculin tels, pluriel féminin telles) déterminant (adjectif indéfini)A.[EMPLOYÉ SEUL]1. [avec une valeur indéterminée]tel jour, tel endroit, à telle heure on such and such a day, at such and such a place, at such and such a time2. [semblable] suchje n'ai rien dit de tel I never said such a thing, I said nothing of the sortil était médecin et comme tel, il avait des passe-droits he was doctor and as such he had special dispensationsil n'est pas avare, mais il passe pour tel he's not mean, but people think he is3. [ainsi]telle avait été sa vie, telle fut sa fin as had been his/her life, such was his/her deathpourquoi ça? — parce que tel est mon bon plaisir! (humoristique) and why is that? — because I say so!4. [introduisant un exemple, une énumération, une comparaison] likeles révolutionnaires qui, tel Danton, croyaient à la démocratie the revolutionaries who, like Danton, believed in democracy5. [en intensif] suchc'est un tel honneur pour nous... it is such an honour for us...B.[EN CORRÉLATION AVEC 'QUE']1. [introduisant une comparaison]telle que je la connais, elle va être en retard knowing her, she's bound to be latetel que tu me vois, je viens de décrocher un rôle the person you see before you has just got a part2. [introduisant un exemple ou une énumération]tel que such as, like3. [avec une valeur intensive]son bonheur était tel qu'il ne pouvait y croire his happiness was such that he could hardly believe itil a fait un tel bruit qu'il a réveillé toute la maisonnée he made such a noise ou so much noise that he woke the whole house up————————1. [désignant des personnes ou des choses non précisées]c'est en manœuvrant tel et tel qu'il a réussi à se faire élire he managed to get himself elected by manipulating various people2. [en remplacement d'un nom propre]a-t-il rencontré un ou Un tel? did he meet so-and-so?———————— -
11 der
I best. Art.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) the; der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy; der Tod death; der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind; der große Goethe the famous Goethe; der arme Peter poor Peter; der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know; der Hyde Park Hyde Park3. (Dat Sg. von die) to the; den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)rII Dem. Pron.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it; der Mann hier this man; der mit dem Bart the one with the beard; nur der kann das verstehen, der... only he ( oder that man) who... can understand it; der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming; der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)III Rel. Pron.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that; der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X; der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown; er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know; jeder, der... anyone who...; ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself2. (Dat Sg. von die) bei Personen: who(m), who... to, to whom förm.; bei Sachen: that, which; die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)* * ** * *I [deːɐ]1. def artdas Miauen dér Katze — the miaowing of the cat, the cat's miaowing
2. dem pron dat sing von die1) (adjektivisch) to that; (mit Präpositionen) that2) (substantivisch) to her; her3. rel pron dat singto whom, that or who(m)... to; (mit Präposition) who(m); (von Sachen) to which, which... to; which II [deːɐ] pl die thedér/die Arme! — the poor man/woman or girl
die Engländer — the English pl
dér Engländer (dated inf: = die Engländer) — the Englishman
dér Faust — Faust
dér Hans (inf) — Hans
dér kleine Hans — little Hans
dér Rhein — the Rhine
dér Michigansee — Lake Michigan
die "Bismarck" — the "Bismarck"
dér Lehrer/die Frau (im Allgemeinen) — teachers pl/women pl
dér Tod/die Liebe/das Leben — death/love/life
dér Tod des Sokrates — the death of Socrates
in dem England, das ich kannte — in the England (that or which) I knew
er liebt den Jazz/die Oper/das Kino — he likes jazz/(the) opera/the cinema
das Herstellen von Waffen ist... — manufacturing weapons is..., the manufacturing of weapons is...
dér spätere Wittgenstein — the later Wittgenstein
er war nicht mehr dér Hans, dér... — he was no longer the Hans who...
er nimmt den Hut ab — he takes his hat off
ein Euro das Stück — one euro apiece or each
20 Euro die Stunde — 20 euros an or per hour
pl deren dat dem, der, dem, pl denen acc den, die, das, pl diedér und dér Wissenschaftler — such and such a scientist
zu dér und dér Zeit — at such and such a time
an dem und dem Ort — at such and such a place
dér/die war es — it was him/her
dér/die mit dér großen Nase — the one or him/her (inf) with the big nose
mit den roten Haaren — those or them (inf) with red hair
deine Schwester, die war nicht da (inf) — your sister, she wasn't there
dér und schwimmen? — him, swimming?, swimming, (what) him?
dér/die hier (von Menschen) — he/she, this man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) this (one); (von mehreren) this one
dér/die da (von Menschen) — he/she, that man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) that (one); (von mehreren) that one
die hier/da pl — they, these/those men/women etc, these/those, them (inf)
dér, den ich meine — the one I mean
dér und dér/die und die — so-and-so
3. rel pron decl as dem pron(Mensch) who, that; (Gegenstand, Tier) which, that4. rel + dem pron decl as dem prondér/die dafür verantwortlich war,... — the man/woman who was responsible for it
die so etwas tun,... — those or people who do that sort of thing...
* * *der1[de:ɐ̯]I. art def, nom sing m1. (allgemein) the\der Hund/Mann/Tisch the dog/man/table\der Mai [the month of] May\der Angeber! that show-off!2. (bei Körperteilen)mir tut \der Hals weh my throat hurts\der Hunger/Irrsinn/Tod hunger/madness/death\der Tod des Ikaros the death of Icarus\der Stahl wird auch mit anderen Elementen legiert steel is also alloyed with other elements; (bei spezifischen Stoffen) the\der Sauerstoff in der Luft the oxygen in the air5. (einmalig)\der Mann des Tages the man of the momentdas ist \der Augenblick, auf den wir gewartet haben that's [just] the moment we've been waiting for\der Irak/Iran Iraq/Iran\der Sudan The Sudan\der Kongo vor der Kolonialzeit pre-colonial Congo\der kleine Peter little Peter\der spätere Dickens the later Dickenser war nicht mehr \der Uli, der... he was no longer the Uli who...das ist \der Klaus that's Klaus\der Papa sagt,... [my] dad says...8. (verallgemeinernd)\der Mensch heute man today\der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well9. (nach Angaben)5 Euro \der Liter €5 a [or per] litre10. (vor Angaben)\der 14. August 2003 14[th] August 2003, August 14[th], 2003; (gesprochen) the fourteenth of August 2003Heinrich \der Achte Henry the Eighth\der Kleine the little boy/one\der Älteste the oldest [one]II. pron dem, nom sing m1. attr, betont\der Mann war es! it was that man!\der Hut gefällt mir am besten I like that/this hat [or that/this hat I like] the most\der Stift da that pen [there]\der Stift hier this pen [here]\der und \der Experte such and such an expert2. (hinweisend)\der war es! it was him!\der hat es getan! it was him that [or who] did it!\der sagte mir,... he told me...welcher Stift? \der da? oder \der hier? which pen? that one [there]? or this one [here]?wer ist denn \der? (fam) who on earth is he [or that]?\der und joggen? him, jogging?\der und \der such and such3. (unterscheidend)\der mit der Brille the one [or fam him] with the glasseswelcher Ball? — \der mit den Punkten which ball? — the/this/that one with the spotsach \der! (pej) oh him!der Chef? \der ist nicht da the boss? he's not theredein Vater, \der ist nicht gekommen your father, he didn't comemein Schuh! \der ist weg! my shoe! it's gone!der Scheißkerl, \der! the bastard!der Grund ist \der, dass... the reason is that [or because]...\der, den ich meinte the one I meantwo ist dein Bruder? — \der ist oben where's your brother? — he's upstairsdas ist ein neuer Drucker! warum druckt \der nicht? that's a new printer! why isn't it working?beißt \der? does it/he/she bite?III. pron rel, nom sing mich hörte/sah einen Wagen, \der um die Ecke fuhr I heard/saw a car driving around the cornerein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed filmein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millionsder König, \der vierzig Jahre herrschte,... (einschränkend) the king who [or that] reigned for forty years...; (nicht einschränkend) the king, who reigned for forty years,...der Mantel, \der zum Trocknen aufgehängt war,... (einschränkend) the coat that [or which] was hung up to dry...; (nicht einschränkend) the coat, which was hung up to dry,...der Mörder, \der von der Polizei gesucht wird,... (einschränkend) the murderer [who [or that]] the police are searching for..., the murderer for whom the police are searching... form; (nicht einschränkend) the murderer, who the police are searching for,..., the murderer, for whom the police are searching,... formder Fall, \der von den Ermittlern untersucht werden soll,... (einschränkend) the case [that [or which]] the investigators have to look into..., the case into which the investigators have to look... form; (nicht einschränkend) the case, which the investigators have to look into,..., the case, into which the investigators have to look,... form2. (derjenige)\der diesen Brief geschrieben hat, kann gut Deutsch the person/man who wrote this letter knows good Germander2[ˈde:ɐ̯]art def, gen sing f1. (allgemein)der Hund \der alten Frau the old woman's dogdie Hitze \der Sonne the heat of the sun, the sun's heatdas Schnurren \der fetten Katze the fat cat's purring, the purring of the fat catdie Lösung \der Formel hier the solution to this formula, this formula's solutionder Einspruch \der Frau da that woman's objection, the objection from that womandie Farbe \der Zunge deutete auf seine Krankheit the colour of his tongue indicated his illnessein Opfer \der Liebe a victim of loveein Zeichen \der Hoffnung a sign of hopedas Kämmen \der Wolle the combing of wooldie Berge \der Schweiz the mountains of Switzerlanddie Puppe \der kleinen Sabine little Sabine's dollich ruf an wegen \der Anna I'm calling to talk to you about Annadie Arien \der Callas Callas' ariasein Antrag \der Ute Kley a petition from Ute Kleydie Rolle \der Frau in Management women's role [or the role of women] in managementdie Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drink10 Meter \der kostbarsten Seide 10 metres of the most precious silkdas Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little one's [or girl's] toysder3I. art def, dat sing fsie redeten mit/von \der Nachbarin they were talking with/about the neighbourich klopfte an \der Tür I knocked at the doordas Bild hängt an \der Wand the picture is hanging on the wallsie folgte \der Frau/Menge she followed the woman/crowder gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmotheres gehört \der Frau da it belongs to that womanes entspricht \der Textstelle hier it corresponds to this passage in the texter schlug den Tisch mit \der Faust he thumped the table with his fister widmete \der Liebe ein Gedicht he dedicated a poem to lovemit \der Hoffnung eines Verzweifelten with the hope of a desperate man\der Bronze wird auch Phosphor beigemischt phosphorus is also added to bronze; (bei spezifischen Stoffen)mit \der Wolle dieses Schafs with the wool from this sheep, with this sheep's woolwir segelten mit \der ‚Nordwind‘ we sailed on the [yacht] ‘Nordwind’in \der Schweiz [der Zwischenkriegsjahre] in [interwar] Switzerland\der kleinen Jenny geht's nicht gut little Jenny isn't feeling wellsie ist bei \der Kati she's at Kati's placeer hat \der Callas mal die Hand geküsst he once kissed Callas' handvon \der Frau in der Industrie of women in industryals das Pferd \der Maschine wich when the horse gave way to the enginemit 20 Flaschen \der Kiste with 20 bottles a [or per] crategib \der Kleinen einen Kuss give the little one a kisswir gingen zu \der Ältesten we went to the elderII. pron dem, dat sing f1. attr, betont\der Pflanze muss man Dünger geben that plant must be given fertilizer\der Frau hast du es erzählt? you told it to that woman?zu \der und \der Zeit at such and such a timeglaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!III. pron rel, dat sing f, siehe auch vbmeine Kollegin, \der die Aufgabe zugeteilt wurde,... (einschränkend) my colleague who [or that] was assigned the task...; (nicht einschränkend) my colleague, who was assigned the task,...die Lösung, \der der Alkohol entzogen war,... (einschränkend) the solution that [or which] had its alcohol extracted...; (nicht einschränkend) the solution, which had its alcohol extracted,...die Abgeordnete, \der ich oft schrieb,... (einschränkend) the MP [who [or that]] I often wrote to..., the MP to whom I often wrote... form; (nicht einschränkend) the MP, who I often wrote to,..., the MP, to whom I often wrote,... formdie Grippe, unter \der sie leiden,... (einschränkend) the flu [that [or which]] they're suffering from..., the flu from which they're suffering... form; (nicht einschränkend) the flu, which they're suffering from,..., the flu, from which they're suffering,... form; s.a. das, dieder4art def, gen pldie Anstrengungen \der Schüler the pupils' efforts, the efforts of the pupilsdie Zeichnungen \der beiden Schwestern the two sisters' drawings, the drawings by the two sistersdas Gezwitscher \der Vögel the twittering of the birdsdas Gewicht \der Platten the weight of the slabsdie Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc. parents' flatdie Lösungen \der Formeln hier the solutions to these formulaeder Einspruch \der Frauen da those women's objection, the objection from those womendie Farbe \der Haare gefiel ihr nicht she didn't like the colour of her hairdie Sprachen \der Niederlande the languages of [or spoken in] the Netherlandsdas Haus \der Müllers the Millers' houseein Antrag \der Heinz und Ute Kley a petition from Heinz and Ute Kleydie Rolle \der Pflanzen in der Medizin the role of plants in medicine10 Kisten \der feinsten Äpfel 10 crates of the finest applesdas Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little ones' toys* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel Nom. theder April/Winter — April/winter
der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’
der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter
der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam
2.der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest
1) attr. that2) allein stehend heder und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)
der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one
3.der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
4.der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one whoII 1.bestimmter Artikel1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.2.das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house
1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attrder Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend
3.gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her
Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whomdie Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which
die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked
* * *A. best art1. m; (nom sg) the;der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy;der Tod death;der große Goethe the famous Goethe;der arme Peter poor Peter;der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know;der Hyde Park Hyde Park2. (gen sg von die) of the;die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls3. (dat sg von die) to the;den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r4. (gen pl von der, die, das) of the;die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrivalB. dem prder Mann hier this man;der mit dem Bart the one with the beard;nur der kann das verstehen, der … only he ( oder that man) who … can understand it;der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming;der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)2. (dat sg von die)zu der und der Zeit umg at such and such a timeC. rel prder Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X;der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown;er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know;jeder, der … anyone who …;ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myselfdie Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel Nom. theder April/Winter — April/winter
der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’
der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter
der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam
2.der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest
1) attr. that2) allein stehend heder und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)
der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one
3.der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
4.der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one whoII 1.bestimmter Artikel1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.2.das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house
1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of thatder Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend
3.gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her
die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which
die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked
* * *the state of the art n. art.m.the art. pron.which pron.who pron. -
12 толкова
1. мест. that much/many, so much/many; this/that much(не повече) so/that muchтолкова пъти so many timesтолкова време so much time; so longтолкова пъти му казвах I've told him so many times/time and againстига ли ти толкова? is that enough for you?2. нар. so; this. thatтолкова, колкото so much/many asтолкова много ли ти трябва? do you need it so much/badly/urgently?толкова по-добре/-зле so much the/all the better/worseколкото по-рано, толкова по-добре the sooner/earlier, the betterтолкова мога that's all I can do; I can do so much and no moreтолкова ги е грижа тях that's all they care, they couldn't care lessтолкова повече, че the more so thatтолкова ще ме видят вече that's the last they'll see of me; they won't catch me at that game againи толкова and that's that; and that's all there is to itтолкова му е на човека what is man? man is a frail creatureтолкова и толкова (it costs) so many levs/so many pounds and pence* * *то̀лкова,и то̀лкоз показ. мест. so; this, that; that much/many, so much/many; this/that much; (не повече) so/that much; \толкова! that’s all! в \толкова и \толкова часа at such and such a time; все \толкова ще ти платят the pay will be the same; и \толкова and that’s that; and that’s all there is to it; какво \толкова му харесваш? what is there so wonderful about it? колкото по-рано, \толкова по-добре the sooner/earlier, the better; не е \толкова глупав, колкото изглежда he’s less of a fool that he looks; още \толкова as much again, (за брой) as many again; стига ли ти \толкова? is that enough for you? това не е \толкова лесно it’s not as easy as all that, it’s not that easy; той е точно \толкова умен, колкото и ти he is every bit as clever as you are; \толкова време so much time; so long; \толкова ги е грижа тях that’s all they care, they couldn’t care less; \толкова и \толкова (it costs) so many levs/so many pounds and pence; \толкова, колкото so much/many as; \толкова много ли ти трябва? do you need it so much/badly/urgently? \толкова мога that’s all I can do; \толкова по-добре/-зле so much the/all the better/worse; \толкова повече, че the more so that; \толкова пъти so many times; \толкова ще ме видят вече that’s the last they’ll see of me; they won’t catch me at that game again.* * *that much (мест.); so much: I love you толкова! - Толкова те обичам!, толкова the better - толкова по -добре; so ; that: It is not толкова easy. - Не е толкова лесно.; so many: You have done it толкова times! - Толкова пъти си го правил!* * *1. (не повече) so/that much 2. ТОЛКОВА време so much time;so long 3. ТОЛКОВА ги е грижа тях that's all they care, they couldn't care less 4. ТОЛКОВА иТОЛКОВА (it costs) so many levs/so many pounds and pence 5. ТОЛКОВА много ли ти трябва? do you need it so much/badly/urgently? 6. ТОЛКОВА мога that's all I can do;I can do so much and no more 7. ТОЛКОВА му е на човека what is man?man is a frail creature 8. ТОЛКОВА по-добре/-зле so much the/all the better/worse 9. ТОЛКОВА повече, че the more so that 10. ТОЛКОВА пъти so many times 11. ТОЛКОВА пъти му казвах I've told him so many times/ time and again 12. ТОЛКОВА ще ме видят вече that's the last they'll see of me;they won't catch me at that game again 13. ТОЛКОВА! that's all! още ТОЛКОВА as much again, (за брой) as many again 14. ТОЛКОВА, колкото so much/many as 15. в ТОЛКОВА и ТОЛКОВА часа at such and such a time 16. все ТОЛКОВА ще ти платят the pay will be the.same 17. и ТОЛКОВА and that's that;and that's all there is to it 18. какво ТОЛКОВА му харесваш? what is there so wonderful about it? 19. колкото по-рано, ТОЛКОВА по- добре the sooner/earlier, the better 20. мест. that much/many, so much/ many;this/that much 21. нар. so;this. that 22. не е ТОЛКОВА глупав, колкото изглежда he's less of a fool than he looks 23. стига ли ти ТОЛКОВА ? is that enough for you? 24. това не е ТОЛКОВА лесно it's not as easy as all that, it's not that easy -
13 und
Konj.1. and; drei und drei ist sechs three and three is ( oder are) six; tu mir den Gefallen und... do me a favo(u)r and...; um die und die Zeit at such and such a time; ... sagte er und lächelte... he said, smiling; er ist imstande und macht es he’s quite capable of doing it2. meist in wörtlicher Rede: und? well?; na und? umg. so (what)?; und ob! umg. you bet!, Am. auch and how!; und wie? umg. (wie geht’s?) how’s things?; und tschüs! umg. iro. (lass mich in Ruhe!) bye-bye, get lost; und so weiter(, und so fort) and so on (and so forth); und und und etc. etc. etc.; er will es nicht - und ich auch nicht neither ( oder nor) do I, me neither umg.; ich und Tennis spielen? iro. me, play tennis?; du und fleißig? iro. you, hardworking?; der und studieren? iro. him, study?; und wenn ( auch) even if; und wenn du mich zehnmal fragst however ( oder no matter how) many times you ask me; sei so gut und hilf mir please be so kind as to help me3. verstärkend: er fragte und fragte he (just) kept on asking; wir überlegten und überlegten we racked our brains; der Regen wollte und wollte nicht aufhören the rain just wouldn’t stop; der Lärm wurde stärker und stärker the noise got louder and louder; sie sagt, es sei so und so gewesen she says it was like this; aus dem und dem Grunde for this and that reason; so, wie etc.* * *and* * *ụnd [ʊnt]conj1) andund Ähnliches — and things like that, and suchlike
er kann es nicht, und ich auch nicht — he can't do it, (and) nor or neither can I
ich und ihm Geld leihen? (inf) — me, lend him money?
du und tanzen können? (inf) — you dance?
er aß und aß — he ate and ate, he kept on (and on) eating
Unfälle, Staus, und und und — accidents, traffic jams etc etc etc
2) (konzessiv) even if..., und wenn ich selbst bezahlen muss —... even if I have to pay myself
..., und wenn du auch noch so bettelst —... no matter how much you beg
* * *1) (joining two statements, pieces of information etc: I opened the door and went inside; The hat was blue and red; a mother and child.) and2) (in addition to: 2 and 2 makes 4.) and3) (as a result of which: Try hard and you will succeed.) and4) (used instead of `to' with a verb: Do try and come!) and* * *[ʊnt]sie redeten \und redeten, aber taten nichts they talked and talked, but did nothinges regnete \und regnete it kept on [and on] raining\und \und \und (fam) etc. etc.▪ \und wenn jd etw tut even if sb does sth\und wenn es auch stürmt und schneit, wir müssen weiter we must continue our journey, come storm or snow\und dann? [and] what then?, then what?\und warum/ \und warum nicht? and [or but] why/why not?\und was hat er dann gesagt? and what did he say next?na \und? (was soll's) so what?* * *1) (nebenordnend) and; (folglich) [and] sozwei und drei ist fünf — two and or plus three makes five
es wollte und wollte nicht gelingen — it simply or just wouldn't work
und ich? — [and] what about me?
so und so ist es gewesen — it was like this; s. auch na 1); ob 2); wie 1. 3)
2) (unterordnend) (konsekutiv)es fehlte nicht viel, und der Deich wäre gebrochen — it wouldn't have taken much to breach the dike; (konzessiv)
du musst es tun, und fällt es dir noch so schwer — you must do it however difficult you may find it
* * *und konj1. and;drei und drei ist sechs three and three is ( oder are) six;tu mir den Gefallen und … do me a favo(u)r and …;um die und die Zeit at such and such a time;… sagte er und lächelte … he said, smiling;er ist imstande und macht es he’s quite capable of doing itund? well?;na und? umg so (what)?;und ob! umg you bet!, US auch and how!;und wie? umg (wie geht’s?) how’s things?;und tschüs! umg iron (lass mich in Ruhe!) bye-bye, get lost;und so weiter(, und so fort) and so on (and so forth);und und und etc. etc. etc.;ich und Tennis spielen? iron me, play tennis?;du und fleißig? iron you, hardworking?;der und studieren? iron him, study?;und wenn (auch) even if;und wenn du mich zehnmal fragst however ( oder no matter how) many times you ask me;sei so gut und hilf mir please be so kind as to help me3. verstärkend:er fragte und fragte he (just) kept on asking;wir überlegten und überlegten we racked our brains;der Regen wollte und wollte nicht aufhören the rain just wouldn’t stop;der Lärm wurde stärker und stärker the noise got louder and louder;sie sagt, es sei so und so gewesen she says it was like this;* * *1) (nebenordnend) and; (folglich) [and] sozwei und drei ist fünf — two and or plus three makes five
es wollte und wollte nicht gelingen — it simply or just wouldn't work
und ich? — [and] what about me?
so und so ist es gewesen — it was like this; s. auch na 1); ob 2); wie 1. 3)
2) (unterordnend) (konsekutiv)es fehlte nicht viel, und der Deich wäre gebrochen — it wouldn't have taken much to breach the dike; (konzessiv)
du musst es tun, und fällt es dir noch so schwer — you must do it however difficult you may find it
* * *konj.and conj. -
14 тогава
1. (за време) then, at that/the timeтогава когато when(докато) whereas, whileот тогава насам/нататък thereafterи тогава? and what next? and then?само тогава (then and) then only2. (съюз) then, in that case* * *тога̀ва,показ. нареч.1. (за време) then, at that/the time; и \тогава? and what next? and then? само \тогава (then and) then only; \тогава и \тогава at such and such a time; от \тогава насам/нататък thereafter; \тогава и само \тогава, когато мат. if and only if; \тогава когато when; ( докато) whereas, while;* * *then: I was still unmarried тогава - тогава още не бях женен, until тогава - до тогава; thereafter - от тогава насам; thereupon* * *1. (докато) whereas, while 2. (за време) then, at that/the time 3. (съюз) then, in that case 4. ТОГaВА и ТОГaВА at such and such a time 5. ТОГaВА когато when 6. и ТОГaВА ? and what next?and then? 7. отТОГaВА насам/нататък thereafter 8. само ТОГaВА (then and) then only -
15 tum
tum adv., of time [3 TA-].—Of time past, then, at that time, in those times: placuit tum id mihi, T.: qui tum vexare cupiebant: vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant, L.: Caere, opulento tum oppido, L.: tum Staienus condemnatus est, i. e. in that trial.—In emphatic opposition to other advv. of time: tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopiā? T.: quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revolsa, nunc a me tamen deportata est: Et tum sicca, prius creberrima fontibus, Ide, O.—Of time present (only in orat. obliq., for nunc), now, at this time, then: quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore? if they were not now so, L.—Of time future, then, in that case, if that be done, thereupon: Tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars, H.: confer sudantes, ructantes... tum intelleges, etc.: agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem, qui sciet, etc., L.—Of time indefinite, then, at such a time, in such circumstances, in this instance, if so: nam quid agimus, cum sevocamus animum?... quid, inquam, tum agimus, nisi, etc.?—Repeated, tum... tum, sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another: tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur: dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites, L.—Of succession in time, then, thereupon, next, afterwards, forthwith: conlocari iussit hominem in aureo lecto... Tum ad mensam eximiā formā pueros iussit consistere: tum, prope iam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Virginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit, L.—In a series, repeated, or with other advv. or conjj. varying the expression: ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Iove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.: tum... alias... tum... alias: tum... tum... aliquando: tum... tum... aut... aut: modo... tum autem.—Fig., of succession in thought, and then, besides, also, moreover, again, further, on the other hand: Quot me censes homines iam deverberasse, Hospites tum civīs? as well as, T.: faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur.—After a general clause with cum, introducing a particular or emphatic assertion: cum... tum, as... so, while... also, not only... but also, as... so especially: Quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere, T.: cum omnium rerum simulatio vitiosa est, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime: movet patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor, L.—Cum, followed by tum vero, tum maxime, tum praecipue or tum inprimis, while... in particular, not only... but especially, while... above all, not only... but chiefly: cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.: cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc., Cs.: cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.— Cum, followed by tum certe, tum nimirum, tum etiam, tum quoque or tum praeterea, while... at least, as... so assuredly, both... and as well, not only... but moreover: at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis: cum memoriter, tum etiam amice, etc.: cum potestas maior, tum vir quoque potestati par, etc., L.—Referring to a temporal clause, with cum.—Of coincidence of definite time, tum... cum, or cum... tum, at the time when, at a time when, even when, already when: tum, quom gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui, T.: cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur: tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret, L.—Of succession in time, then, next, at once, forthwith: id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit: cum muros defensoribus nudasset, tum Afros ad subruendum murum mittit, L.—Of indefinite time, tum... cum, or cum... tum, at the time when, at a time when, at such times as, whenever: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adiungitur: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, O.—With ubi, of succession in time, then, next, at once, forthwith: ubi eorum dolorem cognovi, tum meum animum in illos proposui: ubi spectaculi tempus venit, tum orta vis, L.—Of indefinite time, ubi... tum, whenever: Post ubi tempust promissa iam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt, T.—With postquam or postea quam, of succession in definite time, then, at once: tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc., L.: posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc., as soon as.—In indefinite time, then, always: postquam commoditas prava dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum malitia praevertere urbīs adsuevit.—With ut, ut... tum, or tum... ut, when, after, as soon as: ut vero accessit cohortatio... tum vero filium seduxit: ut vero aquam ingressi sunt, tum utique egressis rigere corpora, L.—With quando, tum... quando, or quando... tum, when, as soon as: utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent.—With dum, then, meanwhile: dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit, V.—With quam diu, then, so long: qui, quam tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quam diu tecum in provinciā fuit, verum, etc.—With a relative, then, at that time: Quā tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis iunxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis iam fui ad pariendum mensibus, C. poët.—With an abl absol., then, thereafter, at once: ut morte eius nuntiatā tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur: ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello dictator rettulit, L.—Fig., in a conclusion after cum or si, then, therefore, consequently, in that case: cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo coepit, etc.: quid tum quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? T.: Si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset, T. —In particular phrases, iam tum, already at that time, as soon as that: iam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri, T.: ut mihi iam tum divinasse ille videatur hanc urbem esse, etc.—Tum demum or tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, as late as that: tum demum Liscus, quod antea tacuerat, proponit, Cs.: quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus.—Tum primum, tum primo, or tum deinde, then first, then for the first time, not till then: ludorum gratiā, quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset: tum primo, L.: quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia conlegae subrogando habuit, L.— Hic tum, at this point, just here, just then: hic tum iniectus est hominibus scrupulus.—With emphatic particles, tum vero, tum enim vero, or enim vero tum, then indeed, just then, at that crisis, then if not before, then: discedit a Melino Cluentia. tum vero illa egregia mater palum exsultare... coepit: Quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... Sensit, Tum vero gemitūs... Edidit, O.—Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least: et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem, etc.—Ne tum quidem, not even then: num quis horum miser hodie? ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum.—Tum maxime or tum cum maxime, especially at that time, chiefly then, just then, precisely at that time: quem provincia tum maxime exspectabat: regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti, at that very time, L.—Etiam tum, even then, even at that time, even already, even yet: totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit: Ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos, not yet long, O.—Tum quoque, also then, then likewise, then as before, then too, then once more, even then: tum quoque homini plus tribui quam necessitati: tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis, L.—Tum autem, and then, besides further, moreover, nay even, statim se ad hominis egentis, tum autem iudicis, familiaritatem se applicavit: tanta enim tempestas cooritur... tum autem nives proluit, etc., Cs.— Tum ipsum, at that very time, just then, even then: id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere.—Quid tum? what then? what next? what further?: dic; cras est mihi Iudicium. quid tum? T.: videsne abundare me otio? A. quid tum?* * *then, next; besides; at that timecum...tum -- not only...but also
-
16 tunc
tunc, adv. demonstr., of time [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], then, at that time; but in ante-class. and class. prose tunc is always emphatic, and generally refers to a point of time. In post-Aug. style tunc freq. occurs without emphasis, and is freely used of periods of time. Tunc = deinde occurs first in the class. per. and rarely in prose; but is very freq. after the Aug. per. Tunc in mere co-ordinative use is very rare and not ante-class. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled with an emphatic or temporal particle is very rare in class. prose, but freq. in the postAug. period. Poets often use tunc instead of tum before vowels for the sake of the metre. In general, tunc is not freq. till after the Aug. period. Cic. has tum about thirty times as often as tunc; Caes. has tunc only five times; Livy, in the first two books, has tunc five times, tum eighty-two times; but Val. Max. has tunc four times as often as tum. Sen. almost always has tunc; tum only in a few passages, mostly in co ordinative use. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, tunc largely predominates; but Nep. has tunc once only, and Tac., who employs both words sparingly, has tum oftener than tunc. The Codd. very freq. vary between the words, and in many passages the reading is still doubtful. Undue weight has been given by some critics to opposition to nunc and connection with cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and tunc are freq. opposed to nunc, and connected with cum.I.Absol.A.Referring an event to a time before mentioned.1.To definite past time.(α).To a period of time, = illis temporibus (only post-Aug.):(β).tunc melius tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exigua ligneus aede deus,
Tib. 1, 10, 19:nulli tunc subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur,
Val. Max. 2, 1, 5:sed tunc clarissimus quisque juvenum pro amplificanda patria plurimum periculi sustinebat,
id. 3, 2, 6:nunc quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant qua tunc consul non erubuit,
id. 4, 3, 7:quo pacto inter amicos viguisse tunc justitiam credimus, cum inter accusatores quoque, etc.,
id. 6, 5, 6:si vere aestimare Macedonas qui tunc erant volumus, fatebimur, etc.,
Curt. 4, 16, 33:sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant,
Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—Referring to a point of time spoken of: cives Romani [p. 1914] tunc facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine tunc lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): tunc ipsos adoriant, ne quis Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.):(γ).(Sulla) statim ex iis rebus quas tunc vendebat jussit ei praemium tribui, etc.,
Cic. Arch. 10, 25:neque ego tunc princeps ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc.,
id. Sull. 3, 9:his tunc cognitis rebus amici regis his... liberaliter responderunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 104:tunc duces Nerviorum... colloqui sese velle dicunt,
at this time, id. B. G. 5, 41:quod se facturos minabantur, aegreque tunc sunt retenti quin oppidum irrumperent,
id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.:Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat,
Liv. 22, 24, 1:itaque cum in ipsum, et innocentia tutum et magistratu in quo tunc erat, impetus fieri non posset, etc.,
id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10;44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas,
Ov. M. 2, 679:tunc ego nec cithara poteram gaudere sonora, nec, etc.,
Tib. 3, 4, 69:tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C. Maecenas,
Vell. 2, 88, 2:forte evenit ut tunc summae dignitatis ibi femina veneno consumere se destinarit,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:qui tunc Libitinam exercebant,
id. 5, 2, 10:Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos tunc Romanis, confugit,
id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.;8, 1 damn. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum sacrum anniversarium more patrio tunc venerant,
Curt. 4, 2, 10:et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor, etc.,
id. 3, 5, 1:perierat imperium, quod tunc in extremo stabat, si Fabius, etc.,
Sen. Troad. 1, 11, 5:tunc,distractis Orientis viribus, casus Mithridati datus est occupandi Armeniam,
Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:quidam ex eis qui tunc egerant, decesserunt,
Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3:ardente tunc in Africa bello,
Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21:Asiam tunc tenebat imperio rex Darius,
Gell. 17, 9, 20:hostes tunc populi Romani fuerant Fidenates,
id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by anaphora:tunc victus abiere feri, tunc consita pomus, tunc bibit inriguas fertilis hortus aquas, Aurea tunc pressos, etc.,
Tib. 2, 1, 43:tunc Parmenio et Philotas, tunc Amyntas consobrinus, tunc noverca fratresque interfecti, tunc Attalus, Eurylochus... occurrebant,
Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively:regem tunc Lacedaemoniorum,
Just. 6, 2, 4.—Referring to a state no longer in existence:(δ).silvae tunc circa viam erant, plerisque incultis,
Liv. 21, 25, 8:urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium,
id. 45, 28, 2:hic (Curio) primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro republica, mox... pro Caesare stetit,
Vell. 2, 48, 3:certissimum tunc proscriptorum perfugium penetravit,
Val. Max. 7, 3, 9:docuit in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat,
Suet. Gram. 17: tunc (i. e. olim) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat autem tunc mos ut cum princeps causam cognosceret... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—Expressly opposed to present time: tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423;(ε).ea lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia,
Cic. Clu. 56, 154:cum vero causam justam deus ipse dederit, ut tunc Socrati, nunc Catoni, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus?
Liv. 34, 6, 18:munitiones et locis opportunioribus tunc fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. quam nunc),
id. 36, 17, 4:parva nunc res videri potest quae tunc patres ac plebem accendit,
id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5:Macedones milites ea tunc erant fama qua nunc Romani feruntur,
Nep. Eum. 3, 4: nunc solvo poenas;tunc tibi inferias dedi,
Sen. Phoen. 172:nunc haberent socios quos tunc hostes habuerant,
Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9:hoc tunc Veii fuere, nunc fuisse quis meminit?
Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And tunc and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui ager nunc multo pluris est quam tunc fuit. Tum enim, etc., nunc, etc.;tum erat ager incultus, nunc est cultissimus,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos etiamsi tunc faciendum non fuerit, nunc utique faciendum putatis;ego contra, etiamsi tum migrandum fuisset, nunc has ruipas relinquendas non censerem,
Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in such connections tum generally refers to a previous tunc, rarely vice versa).—Opposed to a previous or a later time:(ζ).quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis tunc invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. etsi non postea),
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:raro alias tribuni popularis oratio acceptior plebi quam tunc severissimi consulis fuit,
Liv. 3, 69, 1:(Syphax) tunc accessio Punici belli fuerat, sicut Gentius Macedonici,
id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10:non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum fortius quam tunc a Caesare,
Vell. 2, 80, 3:et tunc Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et deinceps, etc.,
Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2:praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga,
Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18:Cilicum nationes saepe et alias commotae, tunc Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere,
Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58:ob res et tunc in Africa, et olim in Germania gestas,
Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4:idem tunc Faesulae quod Carrhae nuper,
Flor. 1, 5, 8.—In general statements, applied to the actual state of affairs:(η).mos est regibus quotiens in societatem coeant, pollices inter se vincire, etc. Sed tunc, qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse simulans, genua Mithridatis invadit,
Tac. A. 12, 47:legebatur ergo ibi tunc in carmine Latino, etc.,
Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters then stood:aptissimum tempus fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: tunc haec ipsa indignitas angebat animos,
Liv. 4, 51, 6.—Of coincidence in time: tunc = cum hoc fieret, on that occasion:(θ).quodsi tu tunc, Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset oratio tua,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:tunc Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, nunc a vobis ipsis accusati sumus,
Liv. 39, 36, 7:jam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc... clamore adjuvant militem suum,
while he was doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17:sed neque... nubes Tunc habuit, nec... imbres,
Ov. M. 2, 310:quid mihi tunc animi fuit?
id. ib. 7, 582:quid mihi tunc animi credis, germane, fuisse?
id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31:quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatus trepidatio... neque mihi exprimere vacat, neque, etc.,
Vell. 2, 124, 1:non Catoni tunc praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est,
Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1;9, 3, 1: tunc ego dicere debui,
Sen. Ep. 63, 15:non possum dicere aliud tunc mihi quam deos adfuisse,
Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5:tunc domus priscorum ducum arserunt,
Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-ordinate: sanguine tunc (Phaethontis) credunt... Tum facta'st Libya... arida;tum, etc.,
Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: tunc... sorores Debuerant, etc.;Tum potui Medea mori bene,
id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed action at a definite time:nobis tunc repente trepidandum in acie instruenda erat,
if we had accepted the battle then, Liv. 44, 38, 11.—Redundant (post-class.):2.id quale fuerit, neque ipse tunc prodidit, neque cuiquam facile succurrat,
Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9.—= nunc, in oblique discourse (rare):3.quod si consulatus tanta dulcedo sit, jam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribunicia potestate esse,
Liv. 2, 54, 5:ut cum multis saeculis murus urbi civium virtus fuerit, tunc cives salvos se fore non existimaverint nisi intra muros laterent,
Just. 14, 5, 7.—Referring to indefinite time.(α).Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc.; at such a season:(β).tunc (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere secundum terram,
Varr. R. R. 1, 27:ab eo in fastis dies hordicalia nominantur, quod tunc hordae boves immolantur,
id. ib. 2, 5:omnes (nubes sol) enim sub se tunc (= medio die),
Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7:tunc enim maximae et integrae adhuc nives (= aestate prima),
id. ib. 4, 2, 21:et tunc potest ventis concitari mare,
id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2.—With the force of an indefinite temporal clause:(γ).tunc ignes tenuissimi iter exile designant et caelo producunt, of shooting stars,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: nemo observat lunam nisi laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, tunc pro se quisque superstitione vana trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2:adjuvari se tunc (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine,
id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si ancilla ex cive Romand conceperit, deinde civis Romana facta sit, et tunc pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3.—With the force of a conditional clause, in this instance: Tr. Erus peregre venit. Si. Tunc tibi actutum chorda tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum):4.dominae mentem convertite... Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidera et amnes Posse, etc.,
Prop. 1, 1, 23:itaque tunc dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent),
Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22:cuperem tecum communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: tunc amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem,
Sen. Ep. 6, 2: nemo est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc mala consilia agitant, tunc aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt;tunc cupiditates improbas ordinant, tunc... tunc... denique, etc.,
id. ib. 10, 2;7, 2: tunc enim (i. e. si cottidie reputes) subit recordatio: Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:propter liberos retentio fit (dotis) si culpa mulieris divortium factum sit, tunc enim sextae retinentur ex dote,
Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a femina manumissa sit: tunc enim e lege Atilia petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep.—Referring to future time.(α).In gen.: tunc illud vexillum... coloniae Capuae inferetur;(β).tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86:tunc, ut quaeque causa crit statuetis, nunc libertatem repeti satis est,
Liv. 3, 53, 10:senatus consultum adjectum est ut... praetor qui tunc esset... apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur... jusjurandum daret, etc.,
id. 41, 9, 11:nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti... Tunc operata deo pubes discumbet in herba, etc.,
Tib. 2, 5, 95:tunc interea tempus exercitus ex hoc loco educendi habebis,
Gell. 3, 7, 7.—With the force of a conditional clause:B.tunc me biremis Tutum... Aura feret geminusque Pollux (i. e. si mugiat malus procellis),
Hor. C. 3, 29, 62:vectabor umeris tunc ego inimicis eques (i. e. si hoc feceris),
id. Epod. 17, 74:tunc tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis tibi),
id. A. P. 103:tunc ego jurabo quaevis tibi numina... Tunc ego... Efficiam, etc.,
Ov. H. 15 (16), 319:tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero,
id. ib. 17 (18), 210.—Representing sequence or succession in events, = deinde.1.Simple sequence in time.(α).Time proper (rare till after the Aug. per.;(β).in Cic. perh. only in the foll. passages): Herodotus cum Roma reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV dies longum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130:veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi ille dixit quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc ille a me petivit, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is finis pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8:tandem curia excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae,
id. 45, 25, 1:equites, relictis equis, provolant ante signa... Tunc inter priores duorum populorum res geritur,
id. 7, 8, 1:iterum deinde interpellatus, in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum inde se... minatus est,
Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1:Dareum XXX inde stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere agmen jubet,
Curt. 3, 8, 24:contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias,
Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; [p. 1915] Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26.—Before an abl. absol. (postclass.):(γ).statuunt tempus quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, signo inter se dato, inrumpunt contubernia,
Tac. A. 1, 48:tunc, Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui quadriduum impendit,
Suet. Aug. 98:tunc, exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat,
Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6.—Implying a consequence, then, under these circumstances, hence, accordingly:2.caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa acies suos fugere videbat. Tunc Rebilus; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides;quid dubitas, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 34:animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc Caesar apud suos Differendum est iter, inquit, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 85:omnium spe celerius Saguntum oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de integro res ad senatum,
Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10:Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc illuc impia turba fugit. Tunc niger in porta serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,
Tib. 1, 3, 71:apud patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem nisi Germanici sapientia conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae,
Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11.—Emphatically, = tum vero:donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est implicitus. Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces ut, etc.,
Liv. 1, 31, 6.—And = tum primum:multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci pertinacia coepta, et averti manipuli quidam,
Liv. 9, 39, 10. —In enumerations with tum... deinde... postea, etc.(α).In gen. (postclass.): ante omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis dextans... cogeretur; deinde ut ingratorum, etc.;(β).tunc ut lege majestatis facta omnia... tenerentur,
Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so,tunc... deinde... tunc, etc.,
Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13:tunc... tunc... deinde... tunc,
id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88.—With tum: terras primum situmque earum quaerit; deinde condicionem maris;tunc quidquid inter caelum terrasque interjacet perspicit... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad summa prorumpit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3.—Of successive speakers in dialogue (rare):C.tu vero abi, inquit, etc. Tunc Mucius Quandoquidem, inquit, est apud te virtuti honos, etc.,
Liv. 2, 12, 15:apud quem Valerius in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc Collatinus Quaero inquit, etc.,
Val. Max. 2, 8, 2.—With tum:tunc poeta... inquit, etc. Tum Fronto ita respondit, etc.,
Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4.—In co-ordination (very rare).1.= praeterea, and then:2.(Romulus) hoc consilio fultus... locupletari civis non destitit. Tunc, id quod retinemus hodie magna cum salute rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.:praeter has, frugalitas et continentia... splendorem illi suum adfunderent. Tunc providentia cum elegantia quantum decoris illi adderent!
Sen. Ep. 115, 3.—In the connection cum... tunc (v. tum, I. C. 3.):3.vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc.,
Juv. 9, 118 ( poet. for tum, on account of the foll. vowel).—Vid. tunc etiam, III. B. 7. b.II.As correlative of dependent clauses.A.Of temporal clauses with cum.1.Referring to definite past time.a.Tunc as antecedent of the clause:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108:etiamne in ara tunc sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's ire?
id. Rud. 3, 6, 8:quo damnato tunc, cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiscebatur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 43, §111: atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat: vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo nisi qui voluit,
id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetenda patria, ut postero die ad Gabios, tunc cum effecerint ne quis hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9:et quod tunc fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italia haberemus, id nunc, pulso Hannibale, cunctamur facere?
id. 31, 7, 5:infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas,
Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.):prudenter sensit tunc incrementum Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum intra septimum lapidem triumphi quaerebantur,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 10:quorum nihil tunc cum diceretur parum aptum fuit,
Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1.—Introducing the apodosis.(α).Of coincident actions:(β).cum jam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubie esset... tunc injecta trepidatio,
Liv. 44, 28, 10.—= deinde:2.adversus singula quaeque cum respondere haud facile esset, et quereretur... purgaretque se invicem, tunc Papirius, redintegrata ira, virgas et secures expediri jussit,
Liv. 8, 32, 10:divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes, imperavissetque, etc., tunc qui in eo castello fuerunt... noluerunt imperio parere,
Vitr. 2, 9, 15:cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum cacumen teneri, tunc hortatur socios, recedant,
Just. 2, 11, 5.—Of definite present time, tunc is not found; v. tum.—3.Referring to indefinite time.a.As antecedent:b.arbitror, quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus,
Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19):tunc obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc.,
id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; id. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi, only... when, never... unless (= tote dê), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Mull. tum):deum tunc adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant,
Quint. 10, 7, 14:tunc est commovendum theatrum cum ventum est ad illud Plodite,
id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3:voluptas tunc, cum maxime delectat, exstinguitur,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38:in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae tunc in peculio fuit cum sententiam dicebat,
Dig. 5, 1, 15: tunc cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento fore heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34.—Introducing the apodosis:4.cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa... collocentur,
Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2;3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, tunc maxime serendas ficus,
Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9.—Referring to future time:B.ex ceteris autem generibus tunc pecunia expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: tunc inter eas fore finem belli dixit cum alterutra urbs in habitum pulveris esset redacta,
Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3:poterant videri tunc incohanda cum omnia quae... peregissem,
Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33; v. infra, III. A. 2. b.—With temporal clauses introduced by ubi (rare).1.Of definite past time:2.ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni,
Liv. 4, 55, 2:haec ubi convenerunt, tunc vero Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere,
id. 25, 8, 9.—Of indefinite time.a.As antecedent:b.tunc autem est consummata infelicitas, ubi turpia non solum delectant, sed etiam placent,
Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19.—In apodosis:C.stillicidia ubi plura coiere et turba vires dedit, tunc fluere et ire dicuntur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2.—With temporal clauses introduced by postquam (posteaquam); rare.1.Of definite past time:2.posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus ut, etc.,
Vitr. 10, 16, 7 (but in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum).—Of indefinite time: si vero posteaquam eam destinasses, tunc perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1.—D.With temporal clauses introduced by ut (very rare):E.ut vero... casus suorum miseris eluxit, tunc toto littore plangentium gemitus, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus... audiebantur,
Just. 19, 2, 11.—With temporal clauses introduced by quando (rare).1.As antecedent:2.tunc quando abiero,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): tunc inserentur (cerasi) quando his vel non est, vel desinit gummi effluere, Pall. Oct. 12.—In apodosis:F.quando quodque eorum siderum cursum decorum est adeptum... tunc ex alterius naturae motione transversa... vinci a tardioribus videbantur,
Cic. Univ. 9.—With temporal clauses introduced by dum (very rare):G.tunc tamen utrumque tolerabile est, dum illi vis sua est,
Sen. Ep. 83, 21.—With conditional clauses.1.In gen.(α).As antecedent:(β).consilium istud tunc esset prudens si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:sin autem ventus interpellaverit et... tunc habeat canalem longum pedes quinque, etc.,
Vitr. 8, 5, 2:tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam si, cum omnia eadem sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum,
Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2.—In apodosis:2.si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc victorem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:quem si inclusit mare, tum ille exitu simul redituque praecluso, volutatur,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 15:quod si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te credam cordis habere nihil,
Mart. 2, 8, 6: si nullus sit suorum heredum, tunc hereditas pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9:si vero dissentiunt, tunc praetoris partes necessariae sunt,
Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22.—With a supposition contrary to fact:H.audivi te cum alios consolareris: tunc conspexissem, si te ipse consolatus esses,
Sen. Prov. 4, 5.—After abl. absol. (rare):III.legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit,
Liv. 44, 21, 1:his ita praeparatis, tunc in rotae modiolo tympanum includatur,
Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2.Particular connections.A.With other particles of time.1.Jam tunc (rare):2. a.nisi jam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: bellum jam tunc ab illis geri coeptum cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53:At. C. Marius L. Sullam jam tunc, ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit,
Vell. 2, 12, 1:Archilochum Nepos Cornelius tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam tunc fuisse poematis clarum et nobilem,
Gell. 17, 21, 8:palam jam tunc multae civitates libertatem bello vindicandam fremebant,
Just. 13, 5, 5. —Tunc demum.(α).Absol.:(β).tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam,
Liv. 41, 3, 5:tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit,
Ov. H. 11, 91:tunc demum intrat tabernaculum,
Curt. 4, 13, 20:tunc demum alia mala (exstiterunt),
Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6:(aquilae) primo deponunt, expertaeque pondus, tunc demum abeunt,
Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14:tunc demum... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt,
Suet. Calig. 9:tunc demum ad otium concessit,
id. Claud. 5.—With cum clause:b.postero die cum circumsessi aqua arceremur, nec ulla... erumpendi spes esset, tunc demum pacti sumus, etc.,
Liv. 21, 59, 6:et serius cum redisset, tum demum, recepto sospite filio, victoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit,
id. 44, 44, 3:cum ab his oritur, tunc demum ei ratio constat,
Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo tunc demum persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1.—Tunc denique (very rare): hi dicebantur in eo tempore mathêmatikoi. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac tunc denique nominabantur phusikoi, Gell. 1, 9, 7.—3.Tunc primum:4.quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est,
Sall. J. 5, 2:tunc primum circo qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est,
Liv. 1, 35, 8:eum dolorem ulta est (plebs) tunc primum plebeis quaestoribus creatis,
id. 4, 54, 2:tunc primum equo merere equites coeperunt,
id. 5, 7, 13:lectisternio tunc primum in urbe Romana facto,
id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. Capitol. Anton. Phil. 5; 7.—With deinde (cf.: tum deinde).(α).Deinde tunc:(β).roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis,
Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1.—Tunc deinde: primum militiae vinculum est religio et signorum amor, et deserendi nefas; tunc deinde facile cetera [p. 1916] exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15.—So, tunc postea, Vitr. 1, 6, 7.—5.Tunc tandem:B.simul enim cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut tunc tandem sciret recuperanda esse quae prius amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4.—With emphatic particles.1.Tunc vero (or enimvero):2.in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur,
Liv. 40, 40, 10:cunctantem tamen ingens vis morbi adorta est. Tunc enim vero deorum ira admonuit,
id. 2, 36, 6:tunc vero impotentis fortunae species conspici potuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa semper verba;tunc vero nitenti, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 11.—Tunc quidem: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit;3.postero die, etc.,
Liv. 42, 57, 9:tunc quidem sacrificio rite perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc.,
Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21.—Ne tunc quidem:4.quia ne tunc quidem obsistebatur,
Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9:ac ne tum quidem senatu aut populo appellato,
Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6.—Tunc maxime (or tunc cum maxime).(α).Chiefly at that time, especially then:(β).Theophrastus est auctor, in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore aestivo... aut quia tunc maxime in umorem mutabilis terra est, aut quia, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.—Just then:5.hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed tunc maxime illi oppugnandae manus sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: sapiens tunc maxime paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit,
id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1.—Tunc interea, Gell. 3, 7, 7; v. supra, I. A. 4. a.—6.Etiam tunc.(α).Even then:(β).experiri etiam tunc volens an ullae sibi reliquae vires essent, etc.,
Gell. 15, 16, 3.—Still:7.quam defunctam praetextatus etiam tunc pro rostris laudavit,
Suet. Calig. 10.— And with cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8; v. supra, II. A. 1. a.—Tunc etiam.(α).Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore:(β).in civitate plena religionum, tunc etiam ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad interregnum redit,
Liv. 6, 5, 6.—Poet. for tum etiam, on account of the vowel:8.ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo, Tunc etiam... Tethys solet ipsa vereri,
Ov. M. 2, 68.—Tunc quoque.(α).Also then:(β).irae adversus Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc quoque ne confestim bellum indiceretur religio obstitit,
Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: saepe legit flores;et tunc quoque forte legebat,
Ov. M. 4, 315:quare et sereno tonat? quia tunc quoque per quassum et scissum aera spiritus prosilit,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 18:cum quidam histriones producti olim, tunc quoque producerentur,
Suet. Claud. 21:tunc quoque in Hyrcaniam remittitur,
Just. 38, 9, 9.—Even then:(γ).tunc quoque cum antiqui illi viri inclite viverent, cura comere capillum fuit,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7:faba vero non antequam trium foliorum. Tunc quoque levi sarculo purgare melius quam fodere,
Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12.—With tum demum:tametsi ad audiendum pigre coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam recitator intraverit... an ex magna parte evolverit librum: tum demum ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque veniunt,
Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2.—= sic quoque, even as it was:C.quin nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu accipienda clades fuerit. Tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est,
Liv. 21, 34, 8.—Tunc temporis (postclass.;v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura tunc temporis Persarum,
Just. 1, 4, 4:parvae tunc temporis vires Atheniensibus erant,
id. 3, 6, 6:ad abolendam invidiae famam qua insignis praeter ceteros tunc temporis habebatur,
id. 8, 3, 7:erat namque tunc temporis urbs Appulis Brundisium,
id. 12, 2, 7. -
17 cum or (earlier) quom (not quum)
cum or (earlier) quom (not quum) conj. [1 CA-]. I. Prop., of time (cum temporale), constr. with indic. in an independent assertion; with subj. in a subordinate statement.—Fixing a point of time, when, at the time when: Lacrumo, quom in mentem venit, now that, T.: auditis, cum ea breviter dicuntur: eo cum venio: Postera cum lustrabat terras dies, V.: cum contionem habuit: cum proxime Romae fui: cum Italia vexata est: cum stellas fugarat dies, V.: quom non potest haberi, cupis, T.: tempus cum pater iacebat: eo tempore, cum necesse erat: memini noctis illius, cum pollicebar: tunc, cum adempta sunt arma, L.: etiam tum, cum verisimile erit, latratote, not until: cum peroraro, tum requiratis: cum signum dedero, tum invadite, L.: sese, cum opus esset, signum daturum, Cs.: sua bona, cum causae dicendae data facultas sit, tum se experturum, L. — Fixing or defining a period of time, when, while, during the time that, as, as long as, after: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim quom dabam? T.: risum vix tenebam, cum comparabas, etc.: tum, cum illum exterminari volebam, putabam, etc.: Hasdrubal, cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphaeum erat, L.—Of repeated action, when, whenever, at times when, as often as, always... when, if: omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, T.: cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi: Cum furit... Profuit aestūs avertere, V.: cum cogniti sunt, retinent caritatem: cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur, never until.—In clauses stating a fact, the point or period of time fixed by the main sentence (cum inversum), when, at the time when, and at this time, and meanwhile, and yet: longe iam abieram, quom sensi, T.: dies nondum decem intercesserant, cum filius necatur: Vix ea fatus erat, cum scindit se nubes, V.: multum diei processerat, cum etiamtum eventus in incerto erat, S.: nondum lucebat, cum scitum est: iamque hoc facere apparabant, cum matres procurrerunt, Cs.: Et iam phalanx ibat... flammas cum puppis Extulerat, V.: anni sunt octo, cum interea invenitis, etc.: cum interim milites domum obsidere coeperunt: nondum centum anni sunt, cum lata lex est.—Describing a time by natural events, when, while, as soon as: ipsi, cum iam dilucesceret, deducuntur: cum lux adpropinquaret.—In narration, describing the occasion or circumstances of an action (cum historicum), when, on the occasion that, under the circumstances that, while, after.—With imperf: Magistratus quom ibi adesset, occeptast agi, T.: Marius, cum secaretur, vetuit se adligari: Caesar cum ab hoste non amplius abesset... legati revertuntur, Cs.: heri, cum vos non adessetis: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, ‘cita,’ inquit, etc., L.: Socrates, cum XXX tyranni essent, pedem portā non extulit, as long as: vidi, Cum tu terga dares, O.: is cum interrogaretur... respondit.—With maxime, just as, precisely when: Caesar, cum maxime furor arderet Antoni, exercitum comparavit: cum maxime agmen explicaretur, adoriuntur, L. — With perf: hic pagus, cum domo exisset, Cassium interfecerat, Cs.: cum domos vacuas fecissent, iunguntur nuptiis, L.: cum fanum expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas. — Of repeated occasions, when, whenever, on every occasion that, as often as.—With imperf: dispersos, cum longius procederent, adoriebatur, Cs.: saepe, cum aliquem videret, etc., on seeing, N.: numquam est conspectus, cum veniret. — With pluperf: Cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae effugiebant, Cs.: qui cum in convivium venisset: quantum obfuit multis, cum fecissent, etc.—Describing a time named in the principal sentence, when, such that, in which: Si ullum fuit tempus quom ego fuerim, etc., T.: fuit antea tempus, cum Galli superarent, Cs.: vigesimo anno, cum tot praetores in provinciā fuissent: eodem anno, cum omnia infida essent, L.: biduum supererat, cum frumentum metiri oporteret, in which, Cs.: fuit cum arbitrarer, etc.: audivi cum diceret, etc.— II. Meton., of identical actions, when, in that, by the fact that: Qui quom hunc accusant, Naevium accusant, T.: quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis: quod cum facit, iudicat, etc.: senatum intueri videor, cum te videor, L.: loco ille motus est, cum ex urbe est depulsus: quod cum dederis, illud dederis, ut, etc.: illa scelera, cum eius domum evertisti (which you committed) in uprooting: purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur.—In hypothesis, assuming a fact, when, if: ad cuius fidem confugiet, cum per eius fidem laeditur, etc.—Contrary to fact, when, if, if at such a time: haec neque cum ego dicerem, neque cum tu negares, magni momenti nostra esset oratio: quod esset iudicium, cum tres... adsedissent?—Explaining a feeling, etc., that, because, for: Dis habeo gratiam, Quom adfuerunt liberae, T.: gratulor tibi, cum tantum vales. — As connective, correl. with tum, while, when; cum... tum, as... so, both... and, and besides, while... especially: Quom id mihi placebat, tum omnes bona dicere, T.: cum omnes eo convenerant, tum navium quod ubique fuerat coëgerant, Cs.: qui cum multa providit, tum quod te consulem non vidit: movit patres cum causa, tum auctor, L.—In the adverb. phrase cum maxime, with ellips. of predicate, in the highest degree, most: hanc Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus, as much as ever, T.: ea, quae fiunt cum maxime, i. e. at this very moment: sed cum maxime tamen hoc significabat, precisely this: quae multos iam annos, et nunc cum maxime, cupit.— III. Praegn., giving a cause or reason (cum causale), when, since, because, inasmuch as, seeing that, in that, in view of the fact that: haud invito sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom... intellego, T.: Deos quaeso ut sit superstes, Quom veritust facere, etc., T.: an pater familiarissimis suscensuit, cum Sullam laudarent? for praising: quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.: cum longinqua instet militia, commeatum do, L.: cum tanta multitudo tela conicerent, potestas erat, etc., Cs.: cum esset egens, coepit, etc.: Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, obsides imperat, Cs.—So often nunc cum, now that, since in fact: nunc vero cum sit unus Pompeius.—Often with praesertim, especially since, more than all when: nam puerum non tollent... Praesertim quom sit, etc., T.: cum praesertim vos aliam miseritis.—With quippe, since evidently, since of course: nihil est virtute amabilius... quippe cum propter virtutem diligamus, etc. — In contrasts, when, while, whereas, while on the contrary, and yet (cum adversativum): finem faciam dicundi, quom ipse finem non facit? T.: quo tandem ore mentionem facitis... cum fateamini, etc.: cum maximis eum rebus liberares... culpam relinquebas: simulat se confiteri, cum interea aliud machinetur.—In concessions, when, although, notwithstanding (cum concessivum): nil quom est, nil defit tamen, T.: pecuniam facere cum posset, non statuit: cum aquae vim vehat ingentem (Druentia), non tamen navium patiens est, L.: patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, ingulastis: quam causam dixerat, cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset? -
18 Т-34
ТАКОЙ-ТО (И ТАКОЙ-ТО) AdjP modif) used in lieu of a word or words denoting the exact name, number, quality etc in question (to show that the speaker is intentionally not providing the specifics): NPso-and-sosuch and such a NP. Ученик такой-то, позвольте мне, автору, снова прервать ваше повествование. Дело в том, что книгу пора заканчивать: у меня вышла бумага (Соколов 1). Student so-and-so, allow me, the author, to interrupt your narrative again. The thing is that it's time to end the book: I'm out of paper (1a)....Трудно было бы узнать накануне и наверно... что завтра, в таком-то часу, такая-то старуха, на которую готовится покушение, будет дома однаодинёхонька (Достоевский 3)____It would be difficult to find out for sure the day before...that on the following day, at such and such a time, such and such an old woman whom he planned to assassinate would be home and all alone (3a). -
19 такой-то
[AdjP; modif]=====⇒ used in lieu of a word or words denoting the exact name, number, quality etc in question (to show that the speaker is intentionally not providing the specifics):- [NP] so-and-so;- such and such a [NP].♦ Ученик такой-то, позвольте мне, автору, снова прервать ваше повествование. Дело в том, что книгу пора заканчивать: у меня вышла бумага (Соколов 1). Student so-and-so, allow me, the author, to interrupt your narrative again. The thing is that it's time to end the book: I'mout of paper (1a).♦...Трудно было бы узнать накануне и наверно... что завтра, в таком-то часу, такая-то старуха, на которую готовится покушение, будет дома одна-одинёхонька (Достоевский 3) It would be difficult to find out for sure the day before...that on the following day, at such and such a time, such and such an old woman whom he planned to assassinate would be home and all alone (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > такой-то
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20 такой-то и такой-то
[AdjP; modif]=====⇒ used in lieu of a word or words denoting the exact name, number, quality etc in question (to show that the speaker is intentionally not providing the specifics):- [NP] so-and-so;- such and such a [NP].♦ Ученик такой-то, позвольте мне, автору, снова прервать ваше повествование. Дело в том, что книгу пора заканчивать: у меня вышла бумага (Соколов 1). Student so-and-so, allow me, the author, to interrupt your narrative again. The thing is that it's time to end the book: I'mout of paper (1a).♦...Трудно было бы узнать накануне и наверно... что завтра, в таком-то часу, такая-то старуха, на которую готовится покушение, будет дома одна-одинёхонька (Достоевский 3) It would be difficult to find out for sure the day before...that on the following day, at such and such a time, such and such an old woman whom he planned to assassinate would be home and all alone (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > такой-то и такой-то
См. также в других словарях:
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